最新刊期
卷 7 ， 期 2 ， 2026
- 摘要：Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping the research paradigm of synthetic biology, shifting the design of living systems from empirically driven approaches to model-driven ones. Traditional synthetic biology relies on screening mutants for trial-and-error optimization, making it difficult to address multiscale, high-dimensional, and strongly coupled biological processes. With the explosive growth of omics data, the widespread adoption of automated experimental platforms, and the rapid development of deep learning technologies, AI provides a new pathway to uncover sequence-structure-function relationships, build predictive biological models, and enable large-scale design of living systems. So far, AI-driven synthetic biology has established a systematic framework at four levels: the biomacromolecular level with protein language models and generative structural models to make de novo design of enzymes, receptors, and self-assembling materials possible; the genomic level with deep learning to advance the modeling of mutational mechanisms, large-fragment sequence generation, and inference of phylogenetic dynamics, laying foundation for programmable genome construction; the cellular level with the integration of AI with mechanistic models to accelerate virtual cell development, enabling quantitatively predictive descriptions of cellular behavior; the platform level with multi-agent systems and automated “design-build-test-learn” (DBTL) cycles to support the end-to-end automation of pathway planning, enzyme function prediction, and experimental scheduling. Overall, AI is revolutionizing synthetic biology from local optimization to system-level generation, and from empirical exploration to predictive design as well, providing a core driving force for the controllable reprogramming of living systems and innovation on biomanufacturing.关键词：artificial intelligence;synthetic biology;biomanufacturing;biomacromolecular design;genome design;cell design799|119|0更新时间：2026-05-22
Perspective
- 摘要：Photobiocatalysis is a synthetic strategy that integrates photocatalysis and biosynthesis, which has a capacity to drive the biosynthesis of non-natural products. However, its large-scale application is constrained by challenges such as high enzyme loading, the consumption of expensive cofactors, and poor reaction stability. Recently, the research team led by Hui-Min Zhao at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign achieved a significant milestone in this regard by successfully integrating photoenzymatic reactions into bacterial metabolic pathways. This pioneering advancement, responded highly in the scientific community, has established the first “E. coli production factory” capable of amplifying the production of unnatural products through the fermentation process, and has demonstrated to be capable of synthesizing the phenol-indole compound 4-[2-(3a,7a-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl] phenol (DIEP) in its complete biosynthetic route, which not only highlights the feasibility of achieving complete biosynthesis and engineered amplification of photoenzymatic reactions within living cells, but also validates the biological activity of the synthesized non-natural product, indicating its potential for industrial applications. The present paper comments on the research findings and offers insights on related studies, with a view to advancing photobiocatalysis from the proof-of-concept stage towards industrial production.关键词：synthetic biology;ene-reductases;photobiocatalysis;total biosynthesis;dual-phase fed-batch fermentation251|77|0更新时间：2026-05-22
Comment
- 摘要：As a cutting-edge modality in synthetic biology-driven therapeutics, engineered probiotic consortia hold immense promise for disease intervention and treatment. However, the design and assembly methodologies for these synthetic ecosystems remain poorly summarized and analyzed. In this review, we begin by systematically reviewing and critically evaluating the current applications and therapeutic potentials of common single-strain probiotics in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Then, we provide a systematic summary for three primary assembly strategies to engineer these consortia, i.e., the heuristic cocktail, the physical contact-dependent assembly, and the small molecule-mediated contact-independent assembly. The heuristic cocktail synergizes functionally complementary bacterial strains to achieve enhanced therapeutic effects, though it faces challenges in achieving precise functional coordination and control. The physical contact-dependent assembly employs techniques such as genetically encoded adhesins, DNA-programmed assembly, and biomaterial encapsulation to improve gut colonization and delivery efficiency, yet balancing colonization stability with safety remained as a significant challenge. In contrast, the molecule-mediated contact-independent assembly utilizes quorum sensing and metabolic cross-feeding to achieve precise control of synthetic probiotic consortia, although the low efficiency in constructing cross-species metabolic networks presents a major bottleneck. We critically examine the mechanistic principles, representative applications, and current limitations of each strategy. Looking forward, the field is moving beyond the refinement of individual strategies toward their synergistic integration. Combining the rapid prototyping and functional complementarity of the cocktail approach with the precise spatial organization and enhanced colonization offered by physical contact-based strategies, and further empowering the consortium with the dynamic, programmable regulation afforded by molecular communication hold the key to constructing truly robust, efficient, and intelligent therapeutic ecosystems. This integrated approach, supported by advances in artificial intelligence and genome-scale metabolic modeling, promises to accelerate the rational design of next-generation synthetic probiotics. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a foundational framework and technical reference for developing advanced, safe, and effective synthetic probiotic therapies.关键词：probiotics;synthetic microbial consortia;cocktail strategy;microbial interactions;microbial ecology366|66|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：High-throughput genome editing is an effective approach for rapidly analyzing the function of massive genetic mutations and to perform genetic breeding. Compared with random mutagenesis, the Clustered, Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing is more efficient and programmable. High-throughput genome editing and screening is enabled by the design of guide RNA libraries targeting specific genes. In recent years, the high-throughput genome editing toolbox is enriched by various CRISPR systems and CRISPR-derived technologies. Here we review major CRISPR-based high-throughput genome editing methods, including CRISPR-assisted homology directed repair, base editing systems, and prime editing systems, and discuss their applications in different fields, including industrial microbial strain breeding, functional human genomics research, and crop improvement. These methods have been applied in improving the production capacity of microorganisms in industrial breeding, analyzing the functions of disease-associated single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in functional human genomics research, and enhancing the herbicide resistance of plants in crop improvement. Meanwhile, we also discuss limitations of these methods, including the limited species applicability, the low mutation diversity, the narrow editing window, and the difficulty in multiplex genome editing. We further provide prospects to address these limitations, including: firstly, expanding the applicable species from model organisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to other important industrial microorganisms including Actinomycetes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using related CRISPR systems; secondly, increasing mutation diversity by developing more advanced editors, particularly base editors; thirdly, broadening the targeting region of genome editors by using PAM-relaxed or computationally designed Cas variants, as well as novel base editor and prime editor architectures; fourthly, scaling up multiplex genome editing for more targeted sites. With the development of artificial intelligence and automation platforms, as well as the continued rapid advancement of CRISPR and its derivative technologies, we expect that more advanced high-throughput genome editing technologies will emerge.关键词：CRISPR;genome editing;high-throughput;homology directed repair;base editing;prime editing70|60|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：Eukaryotic microalgae can efficiently synthesize bioactive and functional compounds by directly utilizing carbon dioxide and light energy. While naturally possessing the ability to synthesize lipids, pigments, terpenes, and various secondary metabolites, microalgae present unique advantages in the construction of cell factories through synthetic biology. However, in practice, such a strategy still faces challenges such as relatively slow growth rates of microalgae, limited accumulation of target products, and high cultivation costs. These issues impose constraints on its large-scale production and industrial application. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques provide effective ways to enhance the performance of microalgae in response to these issues. Systematic modifications of the central metabolic network and product synthesis pathways can optimize intracellular carbon flow allocation, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and enhance the ability to synthesize target products. These measures significantly broaden the range of products that microalgae can synthesize. This article discusses important progress in the development of genetic elements such as promoters, terminators, and screening markers for model species such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Nannochloropsis sp., and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, which have been extensively studied. The successful application of genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 in microalgae has made gene knockout, knock in, and precise regulation possible. In addition, representative metabolic regulation strategies in the field of synthetic biology are reviewed, with a particular focus on the optimization and reconstruction of metabolic networks, the application of “push-pull-block” regulation strategies and subcellular organelles engineering, as well as the supplementation of cofactors, aiming to enhance the accumulation of high-value compounds in microalgae and/or adjust the relative composition of metabolites. Moreover, the application potential of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and multi-omics data in the screening of microalgal cultivation conditions and metabolic pathway optimization is highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the application prospects and development directions of microalgae chassis cells is provided, including the construction of “directed microalgae chassis”, the application of artificial intelligence technology in microalgae chassis design, novel organelle targeting signals, and the integrated utilization of microalgae chassis, aiming to provide guidance for the synthetic biology of eukaryotic microalgae.关键词：microalgae;artificial intelligence;metabolic engineering;synthetic biology;high-value products142|77|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：As a key chemical raw material, 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) is widely utilized in industries, including pharmaceuticals, materials, textiles, and the defense industry sector. With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies worldwide, the shortcomings of conventional 1,4-BDO synthesis, such as the use of costly catalysts and high energy consumption, have become more apparent. Lignocellulosic biomass that is abundant and renewable has great potential in the production of clean fuels and chemicals, but the preparation of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass is the key step in biorefinery. Based on synthetic biology approaches, the development of a low-carbon, cost-effective, and sustainable route for 1,4-BDO synthesis gains great interest. However, the coexistence of multiple fermentable sugars in lignocellulosic hydrolysates compromises carbon source utilization efficiency. On the other hand, fermentation inhibitors that are generated during the pretreatment process can impair microbial metabolic activity as well, thereby lowering the fermentation efficiency. With Escherichia coli as the microbial chassis, this review outlines strategies for constructing 1,4-BDO biosynthesis pathways with different fermentable sugars as carbon sources. Moreover, this review also summarizes genetic engineering approaches to enhance the tolerance of E. coli to those fermentation inhibitors, including furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, organic acids, and phenolic substrates. We discuss the possibility of efficient co-utilization of mixed sugars, in situ detoxification, and enhancing the production yield of 1,4-BDO via the development of a multifunctional and modular microbial consortium through individual labor and mutualism. Furthermore, by employing computational tools to mine and rationally design 1,4-BDO synthesis pathways, conducting simulations and optimizations based on genome-scale metabolic network models, and applying intelligent design to key enzymes involved in 1,4-BDO biosynthesis, it is expected that 1,4-BDO synthesis efficiency can be further improved in the future. Overall, this review provides valuable insights and prospects for the construction of robust, high-yield E. coli-based microbial consortia for the production of 1,4-BDO.关键词：Escherichia coli;synthetic biology;Lignocellulosic hydrolysate;1,4-Butanediol;bacterial consortia;in-situ detoxification and fermentation217|83|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：Synthetic biology, as a cutting-edge technological field of the 21st century, is driving transformative changes across various industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and manufacturing. Biomanufacturing through synthetic biology and biological processes utilizes renewable resources as raw materials to produce a wide range of products, which is characterized by its environmental friendliness, efficiency, and sustainability, and becoming a strategic focus of competition among major global economies. Intellectual property protection serves as a critical mechanism for inspiring innovations, and thus ensuring the healthy development of industries. However, the existing system is often ambiguities and lag behind the development of biomanufacturing technologies related to synthetic biology. This paper systematically analyzes the current state of global intellectual property protection for biomanufacturing with synthetic biology, highlighting a protection model primarily based on patents and trade rules, supplemented by various policies such as intellectual properties for copyright, data, and new plant varieties. It also compares differences in policies and judicial practices among the United States, European Union, Japan, South Korea, and China. The study further identifies major challenges in intellectual property protection for this field, including the underexploitation of intellectual property as a barrier between innovation and industry, insufficient application of patent data in R&D and AI training, limited applicability of essential and standard patents and patent pools, lacking of integration between regulatory approval systems and intellectual property protection, dilemmas with intellectual property protection for pilot-scale platforms, and difficulties in evidence collection and infringement determination. To address these issues, this paper proposes a series of systematic strategies to improve China’s intellectual property protection system for manufacturing with synthetic biology for five dimensions: top-level designs, judicial protection, administrative systems, technological support, and industrial ecosystems, which include formulating national policies, refining judicial guidelines, establishing approval linkage mechanisms, promoting data empowerment and technological standardization, and fostering a collaborative intellectual property ecosystem. The aim is to build an intellectual property governance system that aligns with the industry's development for international competitiveness, and effectively incentive innovation.关键词：synthetic biology;biomanufacturing;intellectual property protection;Patent;judicial protection;administrative protection154|44|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：Driven by an increasing global demand for proteins, the alternative-proteins sector has entered a rapid expansion on production capacity and technological upgrading. China now leads in both the production volume and annual growth of patent applications with alternative-proteins, yet remains under-represented in international patent families and overseas jurisdictions, constraining its competitiveness abroad. This paper first dissects the global protein demand and the consequent rise of alternative proteins. It then provides a panoramic scan of worldwide and domestic industrial landscapes and competitive dynamics. Finally, by applying a big-data patent lens to three technology tracks — single cell proteins, cell-cultured meat, and plant molecular agriculture — the study offers a systematic roadmap for technological innovation and designed patent landscape. Our focus is on analyzing global patent filing trends and mapping the development of specific fields to identify major players. The study includes a detailed breakdown of leading companies’ patent portfolios, assessing their production volumes and key technological areas. Based on these analyses, several recommendations are proposed to accelerate the development of China’s alternative proteins industry, such as establishing a foundational patent system to breakthrough key platform technologies, strengthening global patent landscape, and enhancing international competitiveness.While a global leader in patent volume, China’s alternative proteins sector must navigate a crucial strategic repositioning to evolve from a patent giant into an industrial leader. Future strategy should be built on three pillars: applying international patents for global protection, particularly for critical attributes like safety and efficacy, to ensure regulatory compliance and international market access; fostering an enterprise-driven innovation ecosystem that rapidly translates research and experimental development into market-ready solutions through full collaboration within the industry chain; and actively participating in global governance to transition from a technology adopter to a co-architect of international standards and regulations, which will solidify China’s pivotal role in the global alternative proteins landscape, directly contributing to its national food security and low-carbon development goals.关键词：Alternative protein;Single-cell protein;Microbial protein;patent analysis;synthetic biology66|31|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：Novel food ingredients produced through advanced synthetic biology and precision fermentation technologies are rapidly reshaping the landscape of global food manufacturing. Compared with traditional agricultural sourcing or extraction from natural resources, biomanufacturing offers a more sustainable, controllable, and scalable supply model that reduces dependence on seasons, land resources, and environmentally intensive production chains. Continuous breakthroughs in metabolic engineering and microbial cell factories have substantially improved production yields, purity, and cost efficiency, enabling many bio-derived ingredients to be ready for transition from laboratory research to industrial production. However, the commercialization of these innovative ingredients is not determined solely by technological readiness. Instead, it is increasingly constrained by regulatory policies, approval efficiency, and public acceptance, particularly in jurisdictions where existing food safety frameworks were originally designed for conventional products rather than emerging production systems. This study employs L-ergothioneine, a naturally occurring antioxidant amino acid as a representative product of synthetic biomanufacturing to examine the regulatory and governance challenges facing novel food ingredients. Traditionally extracted from limited biological sources such as edible fungi, ergothioneine is now more efficiently produced via microbial fermentation, which provides higher purity, stable supply, and lower environmental impact. Despite international regulatory recognition and commercialization progress in regions such as the United States and the European Union, its market entry in China remains relatively slow. Through a comparative review of international approval processes, including the U.S. GRAS System and the EU Novel Food Framework, along with China’s pre-market approval system, this study identifies key structural barriers affecting the domestic commercialization of L-ergothioneine. These include ambiguous technical requirements, limited risk-tiered evaluation mechanisms, lengthy review timelines, and gaps between scientific evidence and consumer perception. Based on these circumstances, the paper proposes an adaptive regulatory framework that integrates four complementary dimensions: clarification of technical guidelines, risk-proportionate assessments, optimization of substantial equivalence mechanisms, and strengthened science-based risk communication. Rather than advocating for accelerated approval alone, this framework emphasizes improving regulatory predictability, transparency, and trust while maintaining high safety standards. By embedding process-based risk evaluation and dynamic post-market monitoring into the licensing pathway, regulators can better balance innovation promotion with precautionary governance. This approach contributes both empirically and conceptually. Empirically, it provides a systematic analysis of the institutional constraints affecting the industrialization of biosynthesized ergothioneine in China. Conceptually, it advances a broader understanding of how food safety governance can evolve from static ingredient-based assessment toward adaptive oversight of novel production systems. These experiences offer policy insights for accelerating the compliant market entry of domestically developed bio-manufactured novel food ingredients to foster a resilient regulatory environment that aligns technological innovation with public health protection.关键词：L-ergothioneine;synthetic biology;novel food ingredients;regulatory policies;biomanufacturing;market access;safety assessment206|58|0更新时间：2026-05-22
Invited Review
- 摘要：Gas vesicles (GVs) are a class of protein-based, rigid, and hollow organelles that are commonly found in aquatic microorganisms, which are assembled from gene clusters encoding complete gas vesicle synthesis pathways within the genomes. Notably, homologous gas vesicle gene clusters are also widely distributed in soil streptomycetes, though their physiological functions remain unclear. In this study, we cloned the gas vesicle gene cluster gvpOAFGJLSK (gvp3234, 3.4 kb) from Streptomyces sp. CB03234 and engineered it into the model streptomycete S. albus J1074 via conjugative transfer. Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations did not detect typical gas vesicle structures in the recombinant strain, the heterologous expression of gvp3234 was found to significantly promote early growth of the host strain and trigger extensive metabolic reprogramming. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the accumulation levels of 170 metabolites were significantly upregulated in the recombinant strain. By comparison with databases, we confirmed a substantial increase in the production of various known bioactive compounds, including 2-aminobenzoic acid and albaflavenone, and identified 22 previously uncharacterized metabolites that were activated. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of gvp3234 in another streptomycete, S. venezuelae ISP5230, also led to significant changes in the metabolome and activation of silent metabolic pathways. The study further demonstrated that the heterologous expression of gvp3234 effectively enhanced the synthesis efficiency of heterologous proteins, which is the first to report that the heterologous expression of the gas vesicle gene cluster gvp3234 exhibits a universal function in two species of streptomycetes, enhancing the production of known metabolites and activating silent metabolic pathways as well in the hosts. These findings provide a novel tool and theoretical foundation for the rational optimization of target products and the discovery of new bioactive molecules through the metabolic engineering of streptomycete.关键词：gas vesicles;biosynthetic gene clusters;heterologous expression;Streptomyces albus;metabolites372|28|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：With the NCBI database, we systematically studied the global distribution characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae harboring carbapenem resistance gene (blaKPC) and polymyxin resistance gene (mcr) as well as their genetic background to provide a reference for disease prevention and control. Whole-genome data of bacteria harboring blaKPC and mcr genes were downloaded from the NCBI database, and different subtypes of blaKPC and mcr genes in the strains were analyzed and identified. By annotating bacterial plasmids and identifying replicon types, the presence of these resistance genes in specific plasmids was revealed, and the upstream and downstream genetic structures of the blaKPC and mcr genes were also analyzed. The bacteria co-harboring blaKPC and mcr genes were primarily from the Enterobacteriaceae family, with the main distribution in the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. The diversity of bacterial genera harboring both blaKPC and mcr genes increased from 2012 to 2018, and the dominant genotype combinations were blaKPC-2+mcr-9.1 and blaKPC-3+mcr-9.1. In this study, the genotype blaKPC-2+mcr-9.1+mcr-9.2 was found in various STs of Escherichia coli (58, 46.03%). Genetic environment analysis showed that blaKPC is mainly located on the pKPC-CAV1193 plasmid, with a significant identification of the tnpR-tnpA-ISkpn7-blaKPC-ISkpn6 (Tn4401b) transposon structure, but mcr-9.1 is mainly located on the IncHI2 (2A) plasmid, with conserved upstream and downstream genetic structures, the core structure being rcnR-rcnA-pcoE-pcoS-IS903B-mcr-9.1-wbuC-IS26. Strains co-harboring the blaKPC and mcr genes show significant difference in geographic distribution. Special attention should be given to potential for transmission of specific ST types of E. coli (such as ST167 and ST10) and their changes in clinical environments. The resistance genes blaKPC and mcr are transmitted through specific plasmids, pKPC-CAV1193 and IncHI2 (2A), respectively, and spread via transposons and other mobile genetic elements, greatly increasing the risk of resistance transmission, which warrants urgent attention.关键词：blaKPC;mcr;Enterobacteriaceae;plasmid;transposon;MGEs27|15|0更新时间：2026-05-22
- 摘要：Future industries denote emerging sectors propelled by technological innovations, which are characterized by substantial growth potential and strategic significance, and play a crucial role in facilitating high quality economic and social development. As a vital constituent of future industries, synthetic biology is characterized by its highly interdisciplinary nature. It utilizes the Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) cycle to surmount traditional technological bottlenecks and foster innovations, but uncertainties intrinsic to synthetic biology research and development (R&D) present significant challenges for firms in ascertaining the time, scale, and strategy for investment. Based on the resource-based view, technological innovation theory, and the IT productivity paradox, this study explores the influence of R&D investment strategies for synthetic biology on firms’ operational performance. With financial data and patent text information of 750 U.S. biotechnology firms from 2019 to 2021, this study utilizes the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic-modeling approach and cosine similarity to quantify R&D inputs. Subsequently, regression analysis is applied to investigate the influence of synthetic biology R&D investment on firms’ operational performance, as well as the moderating effect of asset scale and liquidity. The findings indicate that: (1) There exists a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between the R&D investment in synthetic biology and firm performance; (2) Asset size and liquidity exert a positive moderating effect on this relationship; (3) Once the firm scale surpasses a specific threshold, the inverted U-shaped relationship transforms into a U-shaped one. Based on these findings, three strategic perspectives are put forward: making early and small scale investments to diversify risks and enhance marginal returns; making intelligent investments to optimize resource allocation during the growth of firms; for large scale firms, appropriately increasing R&D input to realize a positive transformation of the investment-performance curve. This study is among the pioneering studies to quantitatively capture mechanism through which R & D investment in synthetic biology affects firm performance. It identifies the optimal investment models, enriches the theoretical comprehension of the input-output relationship in synthetic biotechnology, and offers practical strategic guidances for biotechnology firms.关键词：R&D investment in emerging technologies;Synthetic biotechnology;firms’ operational performance;patent analysis;Topic modelling;Firm resources184|25|0更新时间：2026-05-22
Research Article
- 摘要：With the advent of the big data era, traditional silicon-based storage faces bottlenecks such as low density, high energy consumption, and short lifespan. DNA storage technology, leveraging its ultra-high density (theoretically reaching a magnitude of EB/g) and millennium-scale stability, has emerged as a revolutionary solution. Since 2012, scientists such as George Church and Sri Kosuri hae started to use DNA as data storage media. To improve the use of DNA data storage, DNA Data Storage Alliances of industry and academic organizations have been established in many countries. As the writing and reading speed of data in DNA is far behind of that in computer, DNA data storage is more useful for cold data storage with large capacity but less frequent reading. With the development of DNA sequencing and synthesizing, maybe one day we could use DNA computer. As a result, controlling access to DNA data storage systems is critical. Traditional cybersecurity measures, such as passwords and two-factor authentication, may not be sufficient for protecting genetic information, but utilizing multi-factor authentication (MFA) to guarantee access control measures to be more robust. Organizations may mitigate the potential risk of unauthorized use of DNA storage systems by requesting multiple stages of authentication. However, existing research predominantly focuses on single-party scenarios with critical challenges like securing multi-party access, efficient encoding/decoding, and biocompatibility under collaborative frameworks unresolved. To address this issue, the National Key R&D Program of China's “Synthetic Biology” Key Special Project funded the Young Scientist Project “Research on Securing Multi-party Access Methods for Synthetic Genetic Information”. This project proposes MSP-DNA—a DNA storage system integrating a symmetric-asymmetric hybrid encryption architecture with engineered strain biocompatibility design—pioneering the achievement of dynamic data management and enhanced biosafety through multi-party collaborative scenarios. By establishing a Merkle-DAG-based incremental storage model, the system can reduce gene editing operations by over 90%. The developed BO-DNA encoding algorithm significantly suppresses non-specific hybridization errors through chaotic mapping optimization, achieving a storage density of 1.77 bits per nucleotide (nt). Coupled with the CRISPR-Cas and Argonaute dual nuclease authentication platform, the system enables information retrieval at a sensitivity of 0.1 fmol/L. Results demonstrate substantially improved data stability with the engineered actinomycete chassis under extreme environments. The cryptographic approach effectively resists multiple attacks while exhibiting intrinsic error-correction capabilities against DNA storage artifacts. This research provides key technological foundations for next-generation bio-electronic hybrid storage infrastructures, addressing the co-innovation challenge of long-term “cold data” preservation and real-time “hot data” access as well.关键词：DNA storage;Multi-party secure collaboration;Chaotic encryption;Merkle-DAG model;Biocompatible encoding;CRISPR-Cas/Argonaute dual nuclease authentication20|27|0更新时间：2026-05-22
Project Report
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