Advances in electro-microbial synergistic systems for producing value-added products from carbon dioxide

HAN Lin; GUO Yuman; LI Yan; CAO Hengheng; LI Jiajing; YANG Minghao; WANG Mengmeng; LI Jinping; LV Yongqin

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-070

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Advances in electro-microbial synergistic systems for producing value-added products from carbon dioxide

Invited Review | 更新时间：2026-07-03

- Advances in electro-microbial synergistic systems for producing value-added products from carbon dioxide
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 7, Issue 3, Pages: 535-566(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京化工大学，北京软物质科学与工程高精尖创新中心，有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室，北京 100029
  2.北京化工大学生命科学与技术学院，国家能源生物炼制研发中心，教育部生物能源国际合作联合实验室，绿色化学品生物制造北京市重点实验室，北京 100029
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-070
  CLC： Q819;O646
- Received：01 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-10-01，
  
  Published：30 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
韩林，郭禹曼，李燕，曹珩珩，李嘉婧，杨明浩，汪萌萌，李晋萍，吕永琴. 电-微生物协同系统用于CO₂高值转化的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（3）： 535-566 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-070.

HAN Lin， GUO Yuman， LI Yan， CAO Hengheng， LI Jiajing， YANG Minghao， WANG Mengmeng， LI Jinping， LV Yongqin. Advances in electro-microbial synergistic systems for producing value-added products from carbon dioxide［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（3）： 535-566
韩林，郭禹曼，李燕，曹珩珩，李嘉婧，杨明浩，汪萌萌，李晋萍，吕永琴. 电-微生物协同系统用于CO₂高值转化的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（3）： 535-566 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-070. DOI：

HAN Lin， GUO Yuman， LI Yan， CAO Hengheng， LI Jiajing， YANG Minghao， WANG Mengmeng， LI Jinping， LV Yongqin. Advances in electro-microbial synergistic systems for producing value-added products from carbon dioxide［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（3）： 535-566 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-070.

摘要

随着全球气候变化问题的日益加剧，开发高效、可持续的CO

转化技术已成为国际研究的前沿课题。特别是将CO

升级转化为具有高附加值的长链碳氢化合物（C

及以上）不仅有助于缓解温室效应，还为实现碳中和和构建循环经济体系提供了新路径。在众多技术路线中，电催化与生物催化因其温和的反应条件、良好的可控性和可模块化集成特性，展现出广阔的发展前景。然而，两者在独立应用中分别存在产物选择性差、固碳效率低或系统稳定性不足等瓶颈问题。近年来，电催化与微生物催化的协同耦合策略逐渐成为研究热点。该策略利用电能为微生物固碳过程提供能量和还原力，或通过电催化将CO

还原为C

中间产物（如CO、甲酸、乙酸等），进一步作为碳源被特定微生物利用，通过代谢途径高选择性合成丁醇、己酸、烯烃等多碳产物，实现对CO

的深度转化和资源化利用。根据电化学系统与生物系统在时间、空间及能量耦合方式的不同，该类系统可划分为电-菌原位耦合系统与电-菌异位耦合系统两大类。本文系统梳理了当前电-微生物细胞协同固碳转化合成化学品领域的研究进展，重点分析了不同耦合模式在产物分布调控、电子传递机制、界面构建策略及系统稳定性等方面的技术关键与科学挑战。进一步结合合成生物学、材料科学与反应工程的交叉融合趋势，提出了未来该领域在精准调控、高通量筛选与系统集成等方向的发展前景。本综述为推动电-微生物协同固碳转化技术的深入研究与实际应用提供了重要参考与理论支撑。

Abstract

With the escalating challenge of global warming

the development of efficient and sustainable carbon dioxide (CO

) conversion technologies has become a forefront priority in energy and environmental research. Among various strategies

the upgrading of CO

into high-value

long-chain hydrocarbons (C

) not only alleviates the greenhouse gas effect

but also provides a transformative pathway toward carbon neutrality and a circular carbon economy as well. Electrocatalysis and biocatalysis have each demonstrated unique advantages

including mild operating conditions

tunable selectivity

and modular integration capacity. Nevertheless

when deployed independently

both approaches suffer from intrinsic bottlenecks

such as low carbon fixation efficiency

poor product selectivity

and instability for long-term operation. In recent years

electro-microbial hybrid systems have emerged as a promising solution through synergistically coupling electrochemical reduction with microbial metabolism. In such systems

electrical energy can directly fuel microbial CO

fixation

or electrocatalysts can reduce CO

into C

intermediates (

e.g

formate

acetate) that subsequently serve as assimilable carbon feedstocks for microbial metabolism. Through rationally engineered metabolic networks

these intermediates are further upgraded into targeted products

such as butanol

hexanoic acid

and olefins

thereby bridging the gap between simple reduction chemistry and complex biochemical synthesis. Depending on the degree of spatial

temporal

and energetic coupling

these systems can be broadly classified as

in situ

electro-microbe interfaces and

ex situ

cascade configurations

each offering distinct advantages and challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in electro-microbial CO

conversion

with emphasis on key scientific and technological frontiers: (i) control of product selectivity through pathway engineering and catalyst design

(ii) elucidation of direct versus mediated electr

on transfer mechanisms

(iii) strategies for designing robust and conductive bio-electrode interfaces

and (iv) approaches to enhance system durability and scalability. Finally

by highlighting the convergence of synthetic biology

materials science

and systems engineering

we outline future research opportunities

including precision genetic regulation

high-throughput catalyst-microbe screening

and integrated device architectures. This review aims to deliver mechanistic insights and design principles that will guide the next generation of electro-microbial technologies for carbon-neutral chemical manufacturing.

关键词

Keywords

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