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Research and application of microbial regulation system in pollutant degradation
| 更新时间：2026-08-11
|
Research and application of microbial regulation system in pollutant degradation
- 微生物调控系统在污染物降解中研究与应用
- Synthetic Biology Journal Pages: 1-20(2026)
- 作者机构：
华中科技大学，生命科学与技术学院，分子生物物理教育部重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430074
- 作者简介：
xiujingyi@hust.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-055
CLC： Q939.9Received：09 June 2026，
Revised：2026-08-10，
Online First：11 August 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
肖存镕， 修静怡， 谢尚县. 微生物调控系统在污染物降解中研究与应用［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-055
XIAO Cunrong， XIU Jingyi， XIE Shangxian. Research and application of microbial regulation system in pollutant degradation［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-055
Research and application of microbial regulation system in pollutant degradation
摘要
随着工业化与城市化进程加快，大量重金属、有机污染物及新型污染物持续释放并累积于环境中，对生态系统稳定性与人类健康造成长期威胁。微生物降解因具有环境友好、可持续性强及代谢可塑性高等优势，成为环境污染治理的重要方向。然而，天然微生物在实际应用中仍面临低浓度污染物识别能力有限、降解效率不足、复杂环境适应性差、菌群稳定性低以及生物安全风险等关键瓶颈。近年来，合成生物学的发展为环境微生物降解提供了全新的工程化调控思路。通过构建可编程基因线路、动态代谢调控模块及群体协同系统，能够实现污染物的高灵敏识别、代谢通量精准调控、多底物协同降解以及工程菌环境行为控制，从而显著提升污染物生物修复效率。本文围绕环境微生物降解中的关键调控问题，系统综述了合成生物学在环境污染治理中的最新研究进展，并进一步总结了当前环境合成生物学在复杂环境适配性、系统稳定性、跨尺度调控以及实际应用转化方面面临的挑战，展望了智能化、自适应与生态兼容型环境微生物系统的发展方向。本综述旨在从“调控系统工程化”视角，系统梳理环境微生物降解领域的核心策略与发展趋势，为未来高效、安全、可编程的环境合成生物学体系构建提供理论参考。
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of global industrialization and urbanization
large quantities of heavy metals
organic pollutants
and emerging contaminants are continuously released and accumulated in the environment
posing long-term threats to ecosystem stability and human health. Microbial degradation
characterized by its environmental friendliness
sustainability
and high metabolic plasticity
has therefore emerged as an important strategy for environmental pollution control. However
natural microorganisms still face several critical limitations in practical applications
including insufficient sensitivity toward low-concentration pollutants
inadequate degradation efficiency
poor adaptability to complex environments
low community stability
and potential biosafety risks. Recent advances in synthetic biology have provided novel engineering approaches for environmental microbial degradation. By constructing programmable genetic circuits
dynamic metabolic regulatory modules
and cooperative population systems
synthetic biology enables highly sensitive pollutant detection
precise metabolic flux regulation
synergistic degradation of multiple substrates
and controllable environmental behaviors of engineered microorganisms
thereby significantly enhancing bioremediation efficiency. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in synthetic biology for environmental remediation from the perspective of microbial regulatory system engineering. Specifically
we discuss low-concentration pollutant-responsive systems based on transcription factors and riboswitches; signal amplification systems employing cascade regulation and logic-gate circuits; dynamic metabolic flux regulation; strategies for redox cofactor and energy homeostasis regulation; complex environment-responsive regulatory networks; artificial microbial consortia and quorum sensing-mediated cooperative systems; as well as biosafety and controllability design strategies for engineered microorganisms. Furthermore
we highlight the current challenges in environmental synthetic biology
including complex environmental adaptability
system stability
cross-scale regulation
and practical application and translation
and provide perspectives on the future development of intelligent
adaptive
and ecologically compatible microbial systems. Overall
this review aims to systematically outline the core strategies and emerging trends in environmental microbial degradation from the viewpoint of regulatory system engineering
thereby providing theoretical guidance for the development of efficient
safe
and programmable environmental synthetic biology systems in the future.
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Keywords
references
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Related Author
YANG Shuai
XU Yundong
JIN Fan
YANG Shuai
JIANG Lanying
WANG Yuying
LUO Yuanchan
WU Hui
Related Institution
National Science Library （Chengdu）， Chinese Academy of Sciences
Department of Information Resources Management， School of Economics and Management， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Institute of Synthetic Biology， Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology， Chinese Academy of Sciences
School of Bioengineering，East China University of Science and Technology
MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing，School of Bioengineering，Dalian University of Technology
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