<italic style="font-style: italic">N</italic>-糖链合成的研究进展

丁怡; 苏敏; 高晓冬; 王宁

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053

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N-糖链合成的研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-09-04

- N-糖链合成的研究进展
- Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis
- 合成生物学 2026年7卷第4期页码：888-904
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江南大学生物工程学院，糖化学与生物技术教育部重点实验室，江苏无锡 214122
  2.中国科学院过程工程研究所，生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室，北京 100190
- 作者简介：
  
  丁怡（1995—），女，博士研究生。研究方向为糖生物学、糖疫苗。E-mail：814469449@qq.com
  高晓冬（1965—），男，研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为糖生物学、生物医药工程、生物化学与分子生物学、细胞生物学等。E-mail：xdgao@ipe.ac.cn
  王宁（1984—），女，研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为糖化学生物学、糖疫苗、糖基化相关疾病、糖化学等。E-mail：wangning@ipe.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22077053;32271342);北京市自然科学基金(2242022);中国科学院关键核心技术攻坚先导专项（C类先导专项）
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053
  中图分类号： Q816
- 收稿：2025-06-04，
  
  修回：2025-07-22，
  
  纸质出版：2026-08-31
- 稿件说明：
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丁怡，苏敏，高晓冬，王宁. N-糖链合成的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904

DING Yi， SU Min， GAO Xiaodong， WANG Ning. Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904
丁怡，苏敏，高晓冬，王宁. N-糖链合成的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053.

DING Yi， SU Min， GAO Xiaodong， WANG Ning. Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053.

摘要

糖基化是一种常见的蛋白质翻译后修饰，

-糖链的合成起始于内质网并在高尔基体中完成。糖链结构的精确合成与调控不仅促进蛋白质结构与功能的成熟，还与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。近年来，

-糖链生物合成机制陆续阐明，使其合成通路逐渐清晰，进而推动了合成方法的发展和应用转化。本综述系统梳理了近年来

-糖链合成领域的重要工作和进展，旨在为糖合成生物学研究提供可行的策略。在解析

-糖链体内合成的过程中，活体成像与单细胞分析、多组学整合等前沿技术的涌现，使糖链合成动态网络相关研究取得了突破性进展；在

-糖链体外合成的研究中，酶法催化、化学酶法结合、细胞工厂等技术的发展和优化实现了复杂糖链的可控合成，为其功能研究和应用提供了重要工具；在疾病诊断与干预方面，神经退行性疾病、肿瘤和心血管疾病等多种疾病中存在异常合成的

-糖链，为诊断标志物的发现和干预策略的设计提供了新思路。

Abstract

Glycosylation stands as a prevalent post-translational modification of proteins. The biosynthesis of

-glycans commences in the endoplasmic reticulum: a lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor is transferred to nascent polypeptides

followed by extensive remodeling and maturation processes within the Golgi apparatus. This sophisticated biosynthetic pathway involves the coordinated action of numerous glycosidases and glycosyltransferases that precisely control glycan structure and composition. The accurate synthesis and regulation of

-glycan structures are not only crucial for proper protein folding

stability

and functional maturation but also play pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes

including cell-cell communication

immune response

and disease pathogenesis. In recent years

significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying

-glycan biosynthesis. The identification and characterization of key enzymes involved in the processing pathway have greatly enhanced our understanding of this complex biological system. These fundamental discoveries have in turn facilitated the development of innovative synthetic methodologies and their practical applications in biotechnology and medicine. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes major research achievements and recent advancements in the field of

-glycan synthesis. In investigating

vivo

-glycan biosynthesis

the emergence of cutting-edge technologies including high-resolution live-cell imaging

single-cell analysis

and integrated multi-omics approaches has enabled groundbreaking discoveries regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulatory networks of glycan synthesis. For

vitro

synthesis

significant improvements in enzymatic catalysis

chemoenzymatic approaches

and engineered cell factor

y systems have allowed for the controlled production of structurally defined complex glycans

thereby providing essential tools for functional studies and therapeutic applications. From a clinical perspective

accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant

-glycan structures are closely associated with various human diseases

including neurodegenerative disorders

malignant tumors

and cardiovascular pathologies. These disease-specific glycan alterations not only serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers but also offer novel therapeutic targets for the development of innovative intervention strategies

such as glycan-based vaccines and antibody therapies. By integrating these recent discoveries

this review highlights the remarkable interdisciplinary progress in

-glycan research and discusses its far-reaching implications for biomedical science and clinical applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053

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