糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展

朱玥明; 杨建刚; 曾艳; 董乾震; 孙媛霞

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050

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糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展

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- 糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展
- Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates
- 合成生物学 2025年页码：1-16
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所，天津 300308
  2.合成生物学海河实验室，天津 300308
  3.国家合成生物技术创新中心，天津 300308
  4.低碳合成工程生物学全国重点实验室，天津 300308
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "朱玥明（1982—），男，博士，副研究员。研究方向为酶工程、微生物代谢工程。E-mail：zhu_ym@tib.cas.cn" ]
  [ "孙媛霞（1963—），女，博士，研究员。研究方向为糖生物学、糖工程与酶工程，建立了功能糖类及其衍生物的绿色生物制造技术。E-mail：sun_yx@tib.cas.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  中国科学院关键核心技术攻坚先导专项(XDC0120203);合成生物学海河实验室颠覆性创新项目(22HHSWSS00016);合成生物学海河实验室攻关项目(22HHSWSS00003);天津合成生物技术创新能力提升行动(TSBICIP-KJGG-028);山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC010714)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050
  中图分类号： Q81
- 收稿：2025-05-28，
  
  修回：2025-07-08，
  
  网络首发：2025-07-09，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
朱玥明，杨建刚，曾艳，董乾震，孙媛霞. 糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050

ZHU Yueming， YANG Jiangang， ZENG Yan， DONG Qianzhen， SUN Yuanxia. Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050
朱玥明，杨建刚，曾艳，董乾震，孙媛霞. 糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050 DOI：

ZHU Yueming， YANG Jiangang， ZENG Yan， DONG Qianzhen， SUN Yuanxia. Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050 DOI：

摘要

糖质是功能食品、医药、能源与材料领域中至关重要的生物资源。近年来，作为一种新兴的无细胞合成平台，体外生物合成技术正逐渐成为糖质制造的重要技术路径。该技术通过整合多种酶在单一反应体系中协同催化，突破了细胞底盘的稳态限制，具备更高的路径可控性、反应效率与原子经济性。本文系统回顾了糖质体外合成体系的核心技术进展，包括新酶挖掘与分子改造、热力学驱动与辅酶循环策略、模块化路径设计及多酶协同适配机制；同时梳理了该技术在单糖/糖醇、寡糖、多糖及糖衍生物等方面的代表性应用案例，展现其在廉价资源利用、原子经济性及规模化生产方面的优势。此外，本文还分析了人工智能在新酶挖掘改造、反应路径优化、工艺参数预测等糖质体外生物合成关键技术中的应用潜力。随着生物学与众多学科的深度交叉融合，糖质体外生物合成正加速从实验室走向工业化，有望成为下一代绿色生物制造的重要支撑。

Abstract

Carbohydrates are essential bioreso

urces with wide-ranging applications in the fields of functional foods

pharmaceuticals

energy

and advanced materials. The traditional methods for carbohydrate production

which typically rely on cellular systems

often suffer from inherent limitations such as low product yield

complex pathway regulation

and limited scalability. In recent years

in vitro

biosynthesis technology has emerged as a groundbreaking alternative

offering a highly versatile

cell-free platform for the efficient synthesis of carbohydrates. This technology integrates multiple enzymes within a single reaction system

enabling them to work synergistically without the constraints of a living cell. This approach offers several significant advantages over traditional cellular synthesis. First

it bypasses the steady-state limitations of cellular systems

allowing for higher reaction rates and enhanced product yields. Second

it provides greater pathway controllability

making it possible to fine-tune reaction conditions for optimal performance. Third

it enhances the atomic economy

as the absence of cellular byproducts leads to more efficient use of substrates. These attributes make

in vitro

biosynthesis a powerful tool for the scalable and sustainable production of a wide range of carbohydrate products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the core technological advancements in the

in vitro

carbohydrate synthesis. The discovery

engineering and expression of target enzymes are the foundation of the

in vitro

biosynthesis

providing the basic elements for pathway construction. For the pathway design

thermodynamic driving and cofactor recycling strategies ensure sustained catalytic activity and energy efficiency. Furthermore

the modular design of synthesis pathways allows for flexible configuration and rapid optimization of multi-enzyme systems

while synergistic adaptation mechanisms enable the efficient coordination of enzyme functions. This review also highl

ights representative applications of

in vitro

biosynthesis technology in the production of various monosaccharides

sugar alcohols

oligosaccharides

polysaccharides

and sugar derivatives

demonstrating its advantages in utilizing low-cost resources

achieving atomic economy

and enabling scalable production. Moreover

the potential of artificial intelligence to further enhance

in vitro

carbohydrate biosynthesis is discussed

particularly in the areas of enzyme discovery and modification

pathway optimization

and process parameter prediction. As the convergence of biology with advanced computational tools continues

in vitro

carbohydrate biosynthesis is expected to accelerate its transition from laboratory research to industrial-scale applications

becoming a key enabler of next-generation green biomanufacturing.

关键词

Keywords

references

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