紫杉醇生物合成机制研究进展

刘晓楠; 李静; 祝晓熙; 徐子硕; 齐健; 江会锋

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2023-085

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紫杉醇生物合成机制研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-19

- 紫杉醇生物合成机制研究进展
- Research advances on paclitaxel biosynthesis
- 合成生物学 2024年5卷第3期页码：527-547
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所，低碳合成工程生物学重点实验室，天津 300308
  2.国家合成生物技术创新中心，天津 300308
  3.南开大学化学学院，天津 300071
  4.东北林业大学，东北盐碱植被恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
  5.东北林业大学，黑龙江省植物天然活性物质的合成与利用重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘晓楠（1990—），女，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师。研究方向为植物天然产物合成、酵母基因组工程。E-mail：liu_xn@tib.cas.cn" ]
  [ "江会锋（1981—），男，博士，研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为新酶设计与酵母基因组工程。E-mail：jiang_hf@tib.cas.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(32371499);中国博士后科学基金(2019M661032);北京生命科技研究院有限公司重点项目(2023200CB0090)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2023-085
  中图分类号： R932;Q816
- 收稿：2023-11-17，
  
  修回：2024-04-12，
  
  纸质出版：2024-06-30
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘晓楠，李静，祝晓熙，徐子硕，齐健，江会锋. 紫杉醇生物合成机制研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（3）： 527-547

LIU Xiaonan， LI Jing， ZHU Xiaoxi， XU Zishuo， QI Jian， JIANG Huifeng. Research advances on paclitaxel biosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（3）： 527-547
刘晓楠，李静，祝晓熙，徐子硕，齐健，江会锋. 紫杉醇生物合成机制研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（3）： 527-547 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-085.

LIU Xiaonan， LI Jing， ZHU Xiaoxi， XU Zishuo， QI Jian， JIANG Huifeng. Research advances on paclitaxel biosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（3）： 527-547 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-085.

摘要

紫杉醇是目前已发现的最具抗癌活性的天然广谱抗癌药物之一，其生产方式主要依赖于从珍稀植物红豆杉中进行分离提取以及化学半合成，因其含量稀少，生产能力受到严重的限制。随着红豆杉基因组的全解析和合成生物学的迅速发展，通过合成生物技术，构建重组工程细胞合成紫杉醇及其关键前体成为解决当前供需不平衡和资源有限的有效方法。本文针对紫杉醇生物合成途径解析、红豆杉组学分析、底盘细胞构建、关键前体合成、紫杉醇合成途径关键酶的改造及催化机理解析等相关研究进展开展系统性的综述，尤其对近期发表的关于氧杂环丁烷环形成的相关突破性研究进行了详细介绍，并基于相关进展探讨当前紫杉醇合成生物学研究面临的关键酶催化效率低下、产物杂泛性严重、具体反应顺序未知等技术挑战及生物合成紫杉醇关键中间体的未来前景。助力加强对紫杉醇合成通路和催化过程的理解，进一步实现紫杉醇的绿色、高效生物合成。

Abstract

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a natural broad-spectrum anticancer drug

which is well-known for its potent anticancer activity. Its production mainly relies on the extraction and purification from the rare

Taxus

plant

followed by chemical semi-synthesis. The limited natural resource for paclitaxel imposes a significant constraint on its production capacity. In recent years

with the complete decoding of the

Taxus

genome and the rapid development of synthetic biology

constructing recombinant cells through synthetic biology techniques has emerged as an effective method to address this challenge. Since paclitaxel biosyn

thesis involves more than 20 steps of complicated enzymatic reactions and about half of them are P450 enzyme-mediated hydroxylation reactions

the complete elucidation of its biosynthetic pathway remains elusive. Meanwhile

the production of paclitaxel by engineered microbes is still at the initial stage

and there are numerous by-products

which seriously compromise the efficient synthesis of paclitaxel. Therefore

this article reviews research progress related to paclitaxel synthesis pathways

Taxus

omics analyses

construction of chassis cells

synthesis of key precursors

modifications of crucial enzymes

and catalytic mechanisms underlying paclitaxel biosynthesis. Special attention is given to the recent breakthrough in elucidating the formation of oxetane ring and the discovery of Taxane 1-β- and 9-α-hydroxylases. Recent advances in the study of the catalytic mechanism of Taxadiene-5-α-hydroxylase and significant progress in engineering tobacco and yeast chassis will also be commented. Furthermore

challenges and future prospects involved in the paclitaxel synthetic biology research are discussed

such as the issues of low enzyme catalytic efficiency

significant product promiscuity

unknown specific reaction sequences

and the biosynthesis of critical paclitaxel intermediates

aiming to enhance the understandings of paclitaxel biosynthetic pathways and catalytic mechanisms for greener and more efficient production of paclitaxel.

关键词

Keywords

references

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