Advances in research of <italic style="font-style: italic">N</italic>-glycan synthesis

DING Yi; SU Min; GAO Xiaodong; WANG Ning

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis

Invited Review | 更新时间：2026-09-04

- Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis
- N-糖链合成的研究进展
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 7, Issue 4, Pages: 888-904(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江南大学生物工程学院，糖化学与生物技术教育部重点实验室，江苏无锡 214122
  2.中国科学院过程工程研究所，生物药制备与递送全国重点实验室，北京 100190
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053
  CLC： Q816
- Received：04 June 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-22，
  
  Published：31 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
丁怡，苏敏，高晓冬，王宁. N-糖链合成的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904

DING Yi， SU Min， GAO Xiaodong， WANG Ning. Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904
丁怡，苏敏，高晓冬，王宁. N-糖链合成的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053.

DING Yi， SU Min， GAO Xiaodong， WANG Ning. Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（4）： 888-904 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053.

摘要

糖基化是一种常见的蛋白质翻译后修饰，

-糖链的合成起始于内质网并在高尔基体中完成。糖链结构的精确合成与调控不仅促进蛋白质结构与功能的成熟，还与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。近年来，

-糖链生物合成机制陆续阐明，使其合成通路逐渐清晰，进而推动了合成方法的发展和应用转化。本综述系统梳理了近年来

-糖链合成领域的重要工作和进展，旨在为糖合成生物学研究提供可行的策略。在解析

-糖链体内合成的过程中，活体成像与单细胞分析、多组学整合等前沿技术的涌现，使糖链合成动态网络相关研究取得了突破性进展；在

-糖链体外合成的研究中，酶法催化、化学酶法结合、细胞工厂等技术的发展和优化实现了复杂糖链的可控合成，为其功能研究和应用提供了重要工具；在疾病诊断与干预方面，神经退行性疾病、肿瘤和心血管疾病等多种疾病中存在异常合成的

-糖链，为诊断标志物的发现和干预策略的设计提供了新思路。

Abstract

Glycosylation stands as a prevalent post-translational modification of proteins. The biosynthesis of

-glycans commences in the endoplasmic reticulum: a lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor is transferred to nascent polypeptides

followed by extensive remodeling and maturation processes within the Golgi apparatus. This sophisticated biosynthetic pathway involves the coordinated action of numerous glycosidases and glycosyltransferases that precisely control glycan structure and composition. The accurate synthesis and regulation of

-glycan structures are not only crucial for proper protein folding

stability

and functional maturation but also play pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes

including cell-cell communication

immune response

and disease pathogenesis. In recent years

significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying

-glycan biosynthesis. The identification and characterization of key enzymes involved in the processing pathway have greatly enhanced our understanding of this complex biological system. These fundamental discoveries have in turn facilitated the development of innovative synthetic methodologies and their practical applications in biotechnology and medicine. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes major research achievements and recent advancements in the field of

-glycan synthesis. In investigating

vivo

-glycan biosynthesis

the emergence of cutting-edge technologies including high-resolution live-cell imaging

single-cell analysis

and integrated multi-omics approaches has enabled groundbreaking discoveries regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulatory networks of glycan synthesis. For

vitro

synthesis

significant improvements in enzymatic catalysis

chemoenzymatic approaches

and engineered cell factor

y systems have allowed for the controlled production of structurally defined complex glycans

thereby providing essential tools for functional studies and therapeutic applications. From a clinical perspective

accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant

-glycan structures are closely associated with various human diseases

including neurodegenerative disorders

malignant tumors

and cardiovascular pathologies. These disease-specific glycan alterations not only serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers but also offer novel therapeutic targets for the development of innovative intervention strategies

such as glycan-based vaccines and antibody therapies. By integrating these recent discoveries

this review highlights the remarkable interdisciplinary progress in

-glycan research and discusses its far-reaching implications for biomedical science and clinical applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

SCHWARZ F , AEBI M . Mechanisms and principles of N-linked protein glycosylation [J ] . Current Opinion in Structural Biology , 2011 , 21 ( 5 ): 576 - 582 .

HELENIUS A , AEBI M . Roles of N-linked glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum [J ] . Annual Review of Biochemistry , 2004 , 73 : 1019 - 1049 .

DWEK R A . Glycobiology: toward understanding the function of sugars [J ] . Chemical Reviews , 1996 , 96 ( 2 ): 683 - 720 .

SCHJOLDAGER K T , NARIMATSU Y , JOSHI H J , et al . Global view of human protein glycosylation pathways and functions [J ] . Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology , 2020 , 21 ( 12 ): 729 - 749 .

VARKI A . Biological roles of glycans [J ] . Glycobiology , 2017 , 27 ( 1 ): 3 - 49 .

MOREMEN K W , TIEMEYER M , NAIRN A V . Vertebrate protein glycosylation: diversity, synthesis and function [J ] . Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology , 2012 , 13 ( 7 ): 448 - 462 .

AEBI M , BERNASCONI R , CLERC S , et al . N -glycan structures: recognition and processing in the ER [J ] . Trends in Biochemical Sciences , 2010 , 35 ( 2 ): 74 - 82 .

PETRESCU A J , WORMALD M R , DWEK R A . Structural aspects of glycomes with a focus on N -glycosylation and glycoprotein folding [J ] . Current Opinion in Structural Biology , 2006 , 16 ( 5 ): 600 - 607 .

OHTSUBO K , MARTH J D . Glycosylation in cellular mechanisms of health and disease [J ] . Cell , 2006 , 126 ( 5 ): 855 - 867 .

HE M Y , ZHOU X X , WANG X . Glycosylation: mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications [J ] . Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy , 2024 , 9 : 194 .

LI C W , LIM S O , XIA W Y , et al . Glycosylation and stabilization of programmed death ligand-1 suppresses T-cell activity [J ] . Nature Communications , 2016 , 7 : 12632 .

STANLEY P . Genetics of glycosylation in mammalian development and disease [J ] . Nature Reviews Genetics , 2024 , 25 ( 10 ): 715 - 729 .

HU F Z , GAO J , ZHENG J , et al . N-GlycoPred: a hybrid deep learning model for accurate identification of N -glycosylation sites [J ] . Methods , 2024 , 227 : 48 - 57 .

HAO Z Q , GUO Q , FENG Y Y , et al . Investigation of the catalytic mechanism of a soluble N -glycosyltransferase allows synthesis of N -glycans at noncanonical sequons [J ] . JACS Au , 2023 , 3 ( 8 ): 2144 - 2155 .

ZHOU X , LIU G Y , YANG M F , et al . Glycosyl N -phenyl pentafluorobenzimidates as a new generation of imidate donors for catalytic glycosylation [J ] . Chinese Chemical Letters , 2025 , 36 ( 8 ): 110734 .

POWELL W C , JING R H , HERLORY M , et al . Chemical synthesis reveals pathogenic role of N -glycosylation in microtubule-associated protein tau [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2025 , 147 ( 8 ): 6995 - 7007 .

YU B . Gold(Ⅰ)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl O -alkynylbenzoates as donors [J ] . Accounts of Chemical Research , 2018 , 51 ( 2 ): 507 - 516 .

BAO B K , KELLMAN B P , CHIANG A W T , et al . Correcting for sparsity and interdependence in glycomics by accounting for glycan biosynthesis [J ] . Nature Communications , 2021 , 12 : 4988 .

GREEN R S , STONE E L , TENNO M , et al . Mammalian N -glycan branching protects against innate immune self-recognition and inflammation in autoimmune disease pathogenesis [J ] . Immunity , 2007 , 27 ( 2 ): 308 - 320 .

RABINOVICH G A , CROCI D O . Regulatory circuits mediated by lectin-glycan interactions in autoimmunity and cancer [J ] . Immunity , 2012 , 36 ( 3 ): 322 - 335 .

LIU H P , LI X M , REN Y , et al . In situ visualization of RNA-specific sialylation on living cell membranes to explore N -glycosylation sites [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2024 , 146 ( 12 ): 8780 - 8786 .

TIAN Y P , WANG Y Q , ZHANG Y , et al . One-step labeling strategy for the profiling of multiple types of protein glycosylation [J ] . Analytical Chemistry , 2025 , 97 ( 14 ): 7833 - 7841 .

KAJI H , SAITO H , YAMAUCHI Y , et al . Lectin affinity capture, isotope-coded tagging and mass spectrometry to identify N-linked glycoproteins [J ] . Nature Biotechnology , 2003 , 21 ( 6 ): 667 - 672 .

SONG X Z , JU H , LASANAJAK Y , et al . Oxidative release of natural glycans for functional glycomics [J ] . Nature Methods , 2016 , 13 ( 6 ): 528 - 534 .

TSUI C K , TWELLS N , DURIEUX J , et al . CRISPR screens and lectin microarrays identify high mannose N-glycan regulators [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 9970 .

GEMMER M , CHAILLET M L , VAN LOENHOUT J , et al . Visualization of translation and protein biogenesis at the ER membrane [J ] . Nature , 2023 , 614 ( 7946 ): 160 - 167 .

IVES C M , SINGH O , D’ANDREA S , et al . Restoring protein glycosylation with GlycoShape [J ] . Nature Methods , 2024 , 21 ( 11 ): 2117 - 2127 .

YANG J C , GUO F S , CHIN H S , et al . Sequential genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify genes regulating cell-surface expression of tetraspanins [J ] . Cell Reports , 2023 , 42 ( 2 ): 112065 .

TIMOSHCHUK A , SHARAPOV S , AULCHENKO Y S . Twelve years of genome-wide association studies of human protein N -glycosylation [J ] . Engineering , 2023 , 26 : 17 - 31 .

KLARIĆ T S , GUDELJ I , SANTPERE G , et al . Human-specific features and developmental dynamics of the brain N -glycome [J ] . Science Advances , 2023 , 9 ( 49 ): eadg2615 .

MA W J , XU Z J , JIANG Y H , et al . Divergent enzymatic assembly of a comprehensive 64-membered IgG N -glycan library for functional glycomics [J ] . Advanced Science , 2023 , 10 ( 30 ): 2303832 .

WIDMALM G . Glycan shape, motions, and interactions explored by NMR spectroscopy [J ] . JACS Au , 2024 , 4 ( 1 ): 20 - 39 .

CARNIELLI C M , DE LIMA MORAIS T , DE SÁ PATRONI F M , et al . Comprehensive glycoprofiling of oral tumors associates N -glycosylation with lymph node metastasis and patient survival [J ] . Molecular & Cellular Proteomics , 2023 , 22 ( 7 ): 100586 .

ISENRICH F N , LOSFELD M E , AEBI M , et al . Microfluidic mimicry of the Golgi-linked N -glycosylation machinery [J ] . Lab on a Chip , 2025 , 25 ( 8 ): 1907 - 1917 .

CINDRIĆ A , PRIBIĆ T , LAUC G . High-throughput N -glycan analysis in aging and inflammaging: State of the art and future directions [J ] . Seminars in Immunology , 2024 , 73 : 101890 .

SCHEPER A F , SCHOFIELD J , BOHARA R , et al . Understanding glycosylation: regulation through the metabolic flux of precursor pathways [J ] . Biotechnology Advances , 2023 , 67 : 108184 .

WILSON M P , KENTACHE T , ALTHOFF C R , et al . A pseudoautosomal glycosylation disorder prompts the revision of dolichol biosynthesis [J ] . Cell , 2024 , 187 ( 14 ): 3585 - 3601 . e22.

CHEN S , PEI C X , XU S , et al . Rft1 catalyzes lipid-linked oligosaccharide translocation across the ER membrane [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 5157 .

MA M X , DUBEY R , JEN A , et al . Regulated N -glycosylation controls chaperone function and receptor trafficking [J ] . Science , 2024 , 386 ( 6722 ): 667 - 672 .

DURAN-ROMAÑA R , HOUBEN B , DE VLEESCHOUWER M , et al . N -glycosylation as a eukaryotic protective mechanism against protein aggregation [J ] . Science Advances , 2024 , 10 ( 5 ): eadk8173 .

SUN R X , KIM A M J , MURRAY A A , et al . N -glycosylation facilitates 4-1BB membrane localization by avoiding its multimerization [J ] . Cells , 2022 , 11 ( 1 ): 162 .

CHENG Q X , HU X B , ZHANG X Q , et al . N -glycosylation at N57/100/110 affects CD44s localization, function and stability in hepatocellular carcinoma [J ] . European Journal of Cell Biology , 2023 , 102 ( 4 ): 151360 .

VAN KOOYK Y , RABINOVICH G A . Protein-glycan interactions in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses [J ] . Nature Immunology , 2008 , 9 ( 6 ): 593 - 601 .

ITSKANOV S , PARK E . Mechanism of protein translocation by the Sec61 translocon complex [J ] . Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology , 2023 , 15 ( 1 ): a041250 .

PHOOMAK C , RINIS N , BARO M , et al . Signal recognition particle receptor-β (SR-β) coordinates cotranslational N -glycosylation [J ] . Science Advances , 2023 , 9 ( 11 ): eade8079 .

GREGORCZYK P , PORĘBSKA N , ŻUKOWSKA D , et al . N -glycosylation acts as a switch for FGFR1 trafficking between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope [J ] . Cell Communication and Signaling , 2023 , 21 ( 1 ): 177 .

FANG J Y , ZHANG Y Q , HUANG C H , et al . Glucose-mediated N -glycosylation of RPTPα affects its subcellular localization and Src activation [J ] . Oncogene , 2023 , 42 ( 14 ): 1058 - 1071 .

HU Z F , ZHONG K , CAO H Z . Recent advances in enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of N - and O -glycans [J ] . Current Opinion in Chemical Biology , 2024 , 78 : 102417 .

RØNNE KRISTENSEN B , PEDERSEN C M . Self-promoted N -glycosylation: extended substrate scope and substituent effects [J ] . European Journal of Organic Chemistry , 2023 , 26 ( 16 ): e202300213 .

XIE X Y , ZHAO S Y , HAN Y , et al . Direct construction of aryl amide N -glycosides from glycosyl oxamic acids via photoredox palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylations [J ] . Chem Catalysis , 2024 , 4 ( 10 ): 101109 .

ZHONG L , WANG Q L , WANG Y J , et al . Facile and stereospecific synthesis of diverse β- N -glycosyl sulfonamide scaffolds via palladium catalysis [J ] . Chemical Communications , 2023 , 59 ( 86 ): 12907 - 12910 .

DONG W D , YANG X Y , LI X Y , et al . Investigation of N -glycan functions in receptor for advanced glycation end products V domain through chemical glycoprotein synthesis [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2024 , 146 ( 27 ): 18270 - 18280 .

ZHANG J , LUO Z X , WU X , et al . Photosensitizer-free visible-light-promoted glycosylation enabled by 2-glycosyloxy tropone donors [J ] . Nature Communications , 2023 , 14 : 8025 .

SUN Q K , WANG Q Q , QIN W Z , et al . N -glycoside synthesis through combined copper- and photoredox-catalysed N -glycosylation of N -nucleophiles [J ] . Nature Synthesis , 2024 , 3 ( 5 ): 623 - 632 .

LIU D P , ZHANG X S , LIU S , et al . Dehydroxylative radical N -glycosylation of heterocycles with 1-hydroxycarbohydrates enabled by copper metallaphotoredox catalysis [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 3401 .

HUANG W , LI C S , LI B , et al . Glycosynthases enable a highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of N -glycoproteins carrying intact natural N -glycans [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2009 , 131 ( 6 ): 2214 - 2223 .

LI C , WANG L X . Chemoenzymatic methods for the synthesis of glycoproteins [J ] . Chemical Reviews , 2018 , 118 ( 17 ): 8359 - 8413 .

DING W Y , CHEN X Y , SUN Z Y , et al . A radical activation strategy for versatile and stereoselective N -glycosylation [J ] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2024 , 63 ( 36 ): e202409004 .

LI D F , LI C , CHEN Q S , et al . Generalizing a ligation site at the N -glycosylation sequon for chemical synthesis of N-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2024 , 146 ( 42 ): 29017 - 29027 .

LI R F , CHEN P X , ZENG Y F , et al . Expedient assembly of multiantennary N -glycans from common N -glycan cores with orthogonal protection for the profiling of glycan-binding proteins [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2025 , 147 ( 15 ): 12937 - 12948 .

SCHWARZ F , HUANG W , LI C S , et al . A combined method for producing homogeneous glycoproteins with eukaryotic N -glycosylation [J ] . Nature Chemical Biology , 2010 , 6 ( 4 ): 264 - 266 .

LIU C C , YE J F , CAO H Z . Chemical evolution of enzyme-catalyzed glycosylation [J ] . Accounts of Chemical Research , 2024 , 57 ( 4 ): 636 - 647 .

MAKRYDAKI E , DONINI R , KRUEGER A , et al . Immobilized enzyme cascade for targeted glycosylation [J ] . Nature Chemical Biology , 2024 , 20 ( 6 ): 732 - 741 .

DUBEY K K , KUMAR A , BALDIA A , et al . Biomanufacturing of glycosylated antibodies: challenges, solutions, and future prospects [J ] . Biotechnology Advances , 2023 , 69 : 108267 .

LIN C L , SOJITRA M , CARPENTER E J , et al . Chemoenzymatic synthesis of genetically-encoded multivalent liquid N -glycan arrays [J ] . Nature Communications , 2023 , 14 : 5237 .

PINHO S S , REIS C A . Glycosylation in cancer: mechanisms and clinical implications [J ] . Nature Reviews Cancer , 2015 , 15 ( 9 ): 540 - 555 .

REILY C , STEWART T J , RENFROW M B , et al . Publisher correction: glycosylation in health and disease [J ] . Nature Reviews Nephrology , 2025 , 21 ( 3 ): 216 .

PONGRACZ T , MAYBORODA O A , WUHRER M . The human blood N -glycome: unraveling disease glycosylation patterns [J ] . JACS Au , 2024 , 4 ( 5 ): 1696 - 1708 .

HENNET T , CABALZAR J . Congenital disorders of glycosylation: a concise chart of glycocalyx dysfunction [J ] . Trends in Biochemical Sciences , 2015 , 40 ( 7 ): 377 - 384 .

ZHU Z , SUN J Y , XU W Q , et al . MGAT4A/Galectin9-driven N -glycosylation aberration as a promoting mechanism for poor prognosis of endometrial cancer with TP53 mutation [J ] . Advanced Science , 2024 , 11 ( 48 ): 2409764 .

ZHOU X , MOTTA F , SELMI C , et al . Antibody glycosylation in autoimmune diseases [J ] . Autoimmunity Reviews , 2021 , 20 ( 5 ): 102804 .

FENG X C , ZHENG X X , LIN A Q , et al . FBN1 knockout promotes cervical artery dissection by inducing N -glycosylation alternation of extracellular matrix proteins in rat VSMCs [J ] . Cellular Signalling , 2023 , 110 : 110834 .

ANNIBALINI G , DI PATRIA L , VALLI G , et al . Impaired myoblast differentiation and muscle IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway activation after N -glycosylation inhibition [J ] . The FASEB Journal , 2024 , 38 ( 13 ): e23797 .

IWAMOTO S , KOBAYASHI T , HANAMATSU H , et al . Tolerable glycometabolic stress boosts cancer cell resilience through altered N -glycosylation and Notch signaling activation [J ] . Cell Death & Disease , 2024 , 15 : 53 .

CHANG X Y , OBIANWUNA U E , WANG J , et al . Glycosylated proteins with abnormal glycosylation changes are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of breast cancer [J ] . International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , 2023 , 236 : 123855 .

BANGARH R , KHATANA C , KAUR S , et al . Aberrant protein glycosylation: implications on diagnosis and immunotherapy [J ] . Biotechnology Advances , 2023 , 66 : 108149 .

SENRA R L , PEREIRA H S , SCHITTINO L M P , et al . Co-expression of human sialyltransferase improves N -glycosylation in Leishmania tarentolae and optimizes the production of humanized therapeutic glycoprotein IFN-beta [J ] . Journal of Biotechnology , 2024 , 394 : 24 - 33 .

MENDELSOHN R , CHEUNG P , BERGER L , et al . Complex N -glycan and metabolic control in tumor cells [J ] . Cancer Research , 2007 , 67 ( 20 ): 9771 - 9780 .

REBELO A L , DRAKE R R , MARCHETTI-DESCHMANN M , et al . Changes in tissue protein N -glycosylation and associated molecular signature occur in the human Parkinsonian brain in a region-specific manner [J ] . PNAS Nexus , 2023 , 3 ( 1 ): pgad439 .

LIN Y , LUBMAN D M . The role of N -glycosylation in cancer [J ] . Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B , 2024 , 14 ( 3 ): 1098 - 1110 .

LIU X Y , TANG Q , XIA X Q , et al . Somatic variants in SLC35A2 leading to defects in N -glycosylation in mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE) [J ] . Acta Neuropathologica , 2025 , 149 ( 1 ): 13 .

HUNG C H , WU S Y , YAO C D , et al . Defective N -glycosylation of IL6 induces metastasis and tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in lung cancer [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 7885 .

ZHANG M Y , LI M J , LI H Z , et al . Dysregulation of N -glycosylation by Rpn1 knockout in spermatocytes induces male infertility via endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice [J ] . International Journal of Biological Sciences , 2025 , 21 ( 5 ): 2360 - 2379 .

GENG J M , MA S J , TANG H , et al . Pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives of tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease: an update [J ] . Biomedicines , 2025 , 13 ( 6 ): 1424 .

LEE S , CHOI J , MOHANTY J , et al . Structures of β-klotho reveal a ‘zip code’-like mechanism for endocrine FGF signalling [J ] . Nature , 2018 , 553 ( 7689 ): 501 - 505 .

LI Q F , LIU W J , ZHANG Y H , et al . ALG5 downregulation inhibits osteogenesis and promotes adipogenesis by regulating the N -glycosylation of SLC6A9 in osteoporosis [J ] . Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences , 2025 , 82 ( 1 ): 35 .

TRZOS S , LINK-LENCZOWSKI P , POCHEĆ E . The role of N -glycosylation in B-cell biology and IgG activity. The aspects of autoimmunity and anti-inflammatory therapy [J ] . Frontiers in Immunology , 2023 , 14 : 1188838 .

LIU M C , PENG T W , HU L , et al . N -glycosylation-mediated CD147 accumulation induces cardiac fibrosis in the diabetic heart through ALK5 activation [J ] . International Journal of Biological Sciences , 2023 , 19 ( 1 ): 137 - 155 .

LI R F , GAO J J , WANG L , et al . Multivalent interactions between fully glycosylated influenza virus hemagglutinins mediated by glycans at distinct N -glycosylation sites [J ] . NPJ Viruses , 2024 , 2 : 48 .

GENG L L , YI X Y , LIN Y , et al . Site-specific analysis and functional characterization of N-linked glycosylation for β-Klotho protein [J ] . International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , 2025 , 289 : 138846 .

TYURENKOV I N , PERFILOVA V N , NESTEROVA A A , et al . Klotho protein and cardio-vascular system [J ] . Biochemistry , 2021 , 86 ( 2 ): 132 - 145 .

MIAO Z R , CAO Q H , LIAO R C , et al . Elevated transcription and glycosylation of B3GNT5 promotes breast cancer aggressiveness [J ] . Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research , 2022 , 41 ( 1 ): 169 .

CHATHAM J C , PATEL R P . Protein glycosylation in cardiovascular health and disease [J ] . Nature Reviews Cardiology , 2024 , 21 ( 8 ): 525 - 544 .

LIU R , WANG G Q , QIAN Y B , et al . Hexosamine biosynthesis dysfunction-induced LIFR N -glycosylation deficiency exacerbates steatotic liver ischemia/reperfusion injury [J ] . Metabolism , 2025 , 168 : 156258 .

PARK J S , CHOI H J , JUNG K M , et al . Production of recombinant human IgG1 Fc with beneficial N -glycosylation pattern for anti-inflammatory activity using genome-edited chickens [J ] . Communications Biology , 2023 , 6 : 589 .

ZHAO T X , LIU S , WANG P Y , et al . Protective RBD-dimer vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris [J ] . PLoS Pathogens , 2024 , 20 ( 8 ): e1012487 .

LI Y , FU B , WANG M Y , et al . Urinary extracellular vesicle N -glycomics identifies diagnostic glycosignatures for bladder cancer [J ] . Nature Communications , 2025 , 16 : 2292 .

TRBOJEVIĆ-AKMAČIĆ I , VUČKOVIĆ F , PRIBIĆ T , et al . Comparative analysis of transferrin and IgG N -glycosylation in two human populations [J ] . Communications Biology , 2023 , 6 : 312 .

KRANJC J , KRAMER L , MIKELJ M , et al . Modulating antibody N -glycosylation through feed additives using a multi-tiered approach [J ] . Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology , 2024 , 12 : 1448925 .

CONG W , SHEN H X , JIANG Y N , et al . Design, synthesis, and anti-osteoporotic characterization of arginine N -glycosylated teriparatide analogs via the silver-catalyzed solid-phase glycosylation strategy [J ] . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2024 , 67 ( 2 ): 1360 - 1369 .

LI X , DING Y J , XUE J W , et al . Peptide double-stapling and arginine N -glycosylation triggered the development of therapeutic antimicrobial peptides capable of killing drug-resistant bacteria in mice [J ] . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , 2025 , 68 ( 4 ): 4511 - 4526 .

PU Y Y , ZHOU B G , BING J H , et al . Ultrasound-triggered and glycosylation inhibition-enhanced tumor piezocatalytic immunotherapy [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 9023 .

CHI J J , XIE P , CHENG M H , et al . MGAT1-guided complex N -glycans on CD73 regulate immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer [J ] . Nature Communications , 2025 , 16 : 3552 .

VELIČKOVIĆ D , SHAPIRO J P , PARIKH S V , et al . Protein N -glycans in healthy and sclerotic glomeruli in diabetic kidney disease [J ] . Journal of the American Society of Nephrology , 2024 , 35 ( 9 ): 1198 - 1207 .

RUDMAN N , KAUR S , SIMUNOVIĆ V , et al . Integrated glycomics and genetics analyses reveal a potential role for N -glycosylation of plasma proteins and IgGs, as well as the complement system, in the development of type 1 diabetes [J ] . Diabetologia , 2023 , 66 ( 6 ): 1071 - 1083 .

HAJARE A D , DAGAR N , GAIKWAD A B . Klotho antiaging protein: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in diseases [J ] . Molecular Biomedicine , 2025 , 6 ( 1 ): 19 .

WANG J , ZHANG H M , ZHU G H , et al . STT3-mediated aberrant N -glycosylation of CD24 inhibits paclitaxel sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer [J ] . Acta Pharmacologica Sinica , 2025 , 46 ( 4 ): 1097 - 1110 .

MA H , CHEN X L , MO S W , et al . Targeting N -glycosylation of 4F2hc mediated by glycosyltransferase B3GNT3 sensitizes ferroptosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [J ] . Cell Death & Differentiation , 2023 , 30 ( 8 ): 1988 - 2004 .

LIU Z L , MENG X Y , ZHANG Y X , et al . FUT8-mediated aberrant N -glycosylation of SEMA7A promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression [J ] . International Journal of Oral Science , 2024 , 16 : 26 .

WEI Q J , ZHANG J , DAO Y K , et al . Exploiting complex-type N -glycan to improve the in vivo stability of bioactive peptides [J ] . CCS Chemistry , 2023 , 5 ( 7 ): 1623 - 1634 .

LIU Z L , MENG X Y , TANG X , et al . A novel allosteric driver mutation of β-glucuronidase promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression through STT3B-mediated PD-L1 N -glycosylation [J ] . MedComm , 2025 , 6 ( 2 ): e70062 .

KOGELMANN B , MELNIK S , BOGNER M , et al . A genome-edited N. benthamiana line for industrial-scale production of recombinant glycoproteins with targeted N -glycosylation [J ] . Biotechnology Journal , 2024 , 19 ( 1 ): 2300323 .

SHI C Y , WANG Y , WU M J , et al . Promoting anti-tumor immunity by targeting TMUB1 to modulate PD-L1 polyubiquitination and glycosylation [J ] . Nature Communications , 2022 , 13 : 6951 .

NIE H , SAINI P , MIYAMOTO T , et al . Targeting branched N -glycans and fucosylation sensitizes ovarian tumors to immune checkpoint blockade [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 2853 .

SHU Z , DWIVEDI B , SWITCHENKO J M , et al . PD-L1 deglycosylation promotes its nuclear translocation and accelerates DNA double-strand-break repair in cancer [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 6830 .

PINHO S S , ALVES I , GAIFEM J , et al . Immune regulatory networks coordinated by glycans and glycan-binding proteins in autoimmunity and infection [J ] . Cellular & Molecular Immunology , 2023 , 20 ( 10 ): 1101 - 1113 .

WANI W Y , ZUNKE F , BELUR N R , et al . The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway rescues lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease patient iPSC derived midbrain neurons [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 5206 .

VARADHARAJ V , PETERSEN W , BATRA S K , et al . Sugar symphony: glycosylation in cancer metabolism and stemness [J ] . Trends in Cell Biology , 2025 , 35 ( 5 ): 412 - 425 .

DU X J , QI Z R , CHEN S N , et al . Synthetic retinoid sulfarotene selectively inhibits tumor-repopulating cells of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via disrupting cytoskeleton by P-selectin/PSGL1 N -glycosylation blockage [J ] . Advanced Science , 2025 , 12 ( 3 ): 2407519 .

MA B , CHEN H D , GONG J Y , et al . Enhancing protein solubility via glycosylation: from chemical synthesis to machine learning predictions [J ] . Biomacromolecules , 2024 , 25 ( 5 ): 3001 - 3010 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Recent advances in the in vitro bio-transformation synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides

Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates

Advances in the biosynthesis of long sugar-chain saponins

Biosensors and their advances in the applications of biosynthesis of functional saccharides

Research advances in biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharides

Related Author

Ding Yi

Gao Xiaodong

Wang Ning

Related Institution

Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology， Ministry of Education， School of Biotechnology， Jiangnan University

Postal code：100011
Tel：010-64519339/9292 Email：synbioj@cip.com.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备12046843号-18 京公网安备11010102004073号
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰

Advances in research of N-glycan synthesis

DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-053

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references