Advances and applications of <italic style="font-style: italic">in</italic> <italic style="font-style: italic">vitro</italic> biosynthesis of carbohydrates

ZHU Yueming; YANG Jian′gang; ZENG Yan; DONG Qianzhen; SUN Yuanxia

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050

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Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates

Invited Review | 更新时间：2026-09-04

- Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates
- 糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 7, Issue 4, Pages: 781-797(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所，天津 300308
  2.合成生物学海河实验室，天津 300308
  3.国家合成生物技术创新中心，天津 300308
  4.低碳合成工程生物学全国重点实验室，天津 300308
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050
  CLC： Q81
- Received：28 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-08，
  
  Published：31 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
朱玥明，杨建刚，曾艳，董乾震，孙媛霞. 糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（4）： 781-797

ZHU Yueming， YANG Jian′gang， ZENG Yan， DONG Qianzhen， SUN Yuanxia. Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（4）： 781-797
朱玥明，杨建刚，曾艳，董乾震，孙媛霞. 糖质的体外生物合成技术及应用进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（4）： 781-797 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050.

ZHU Yueming， YANG Jian′gang， ZENG Yan， DONG Qianzhen， SUN Yuanxia. Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（4）： 781-797 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050.

摘要

糖质是功能食品、医药、能源与材料领域中至关重要的生物资源。近年来，作为一种新兴的无细胞合成平台，体外生物合成技术正逐渐成为糖质制造的重要技术路径。该技术通过整合多种酶在单一反应体系中协同催化，突破了细胞底盘的稳态限制，具备更高的路径可控性、反应效率与原子经济性。本文系统回顾了糖质体外合成体系的核心技术进展，包括新酶挖掘与分子改造、热力学驱动与辅酶循环策略、模块化路径设计及多酶协同适配机制；同时梳理了该技术在单糖/糖醇、寡糖、多糖及糖衍生物等方面的代表性应用案例，展现其在廉价资源利用、原子经济性及规模化生产方面的优势。此外，本文还分析了人工智能在新酶挖掘改造、反应路径优化、工艺参数预测等糖质体外生物合成关键技术中的应用潜力。随着生物学与众多学科的深度交叉融合，糖质体外生物合成正加速从实验室走向工业化，有望成为下一代绿色生物制造的重要支撑。

Abstract

Carbohydrates are indispensable bioresources with diverse and profound applications across the realms of functional foods

pharmaceuticals

energy

and advanced materials. The traditional methods for carbohydrate production

which typically rely on cellular systems

often suffer from inherent limitations such as low product yield

complex pathway regulation

and limited scalability. In recent years

in vitro

biosynthesis technology has emerged as a groundbreaking alternative

offering a highly versatile

cell-free platform for the efficient synthesis of carbohydrates. This technology integrates multiple enzymes within a single reaction system

enabling them to work synergistically without the constraints of a living cell. This approach offers several significant advantages over traditional cellular synthesis. First

it bypasses the steady-state limitations of cellular systems

allowing for higher reaction rates and enhanced product yields. Second

it provides greater pathway controllability

making it possible to fine-tune reaction conditions for optimal performance. Third

it enhances the atomic economy

as the absence of cellular byproducts leads to more efficient use of substrates. These attributes make

in vitro

biosynthesis a powerful tool for the scalable and sustainable production of a wide range of carbohydrate products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the core technological advancements in the

in vitro

carbohydrate synthesis. The discovery

engineering and expression of target enzymes are the foundation of the

in vitro

biosynthesis

providing the basic elements for pathway construction. For the pathway design

thermodynamic driving and cofactor recycling strategies ensure sustained catalytic activity and energy efficiency. Furthermor

the modular design of synthesis pathways allows for flexible configuration and rapid optimization of multi-enzyme systems

while synergistic adaptation mechanisms enable the efficient coordination of enzyme functions. This review also highlights representative applications of

in vitro

biosynthesis technology in the production of various monosaccharides

sugar alcohols

oligosaccharides

polysaccharides

and sugar derivatives

demonstrating its advantages in utilizing low-cost resources

achieving atomic economy

and enabling scalable production. Moreover

the potential of artificial intelligence to further enhance

in vitro

carbohydrate biosynthesis is discussed

particularly in the areas of enzyme discovery and modification

pathway optimization

and process parameter prediction. As the convergence of biology with advanced computational tools continues

in vitro

carbohydrate biosynthesis is expected to accelerate its transition from laboratory research to industrial-scale applications

becoming a key enabler of next-generation green biomanufacturing.

关键词

Keywords

references

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Related Author

ZHU Yueming

YANG Jiangang

MU Wanmeng

WAN Li

ZHU Yingying

LUO Guocong

YANG Longhao

CHEN Lei

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School of Biotechnology，Jiangnan University

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources，School of Food Science and Technology，Jiangnan University

School of Life Sciences， Qufu Normal University， Qufu

State Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing， Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology， Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hangzhou Weiyuan Biotechnology Co.， Ltd.

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Advances and applications of in vitro biosynthesis of carbohydrates

DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-050

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