光催化-生物杂合系统强化污染物降解的研究进展：从功能组装到理性设计

姚智凯; 陈乐天; 谭小萍; 李吉宏; 贾伟彬; 许玫英

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2026-053

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光催化-生物杂合系统强化污染物降解的研究进展：从功能组装到理性设计

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-08-04

- 光催化-生物杂合系统强化污染物降解的研究进展：从功能组装到理性设计
- Advances in Enhanced Pollutant Degradation by Photocatalysis-Biohybrid Systems： From Functional Assembly to Rational Design
- 合成生物学 2026年页码：1-18
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华南农业大学，生命科学学院，广东广州 510642
  2.广东省科学院微生物研究所，华南应用微生物国家重点实验室，广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室，广东广州 510070
  3.广东省环境保护微生物与区域生态安全重点实验室，广东广州 510070
  4.华南农业大学，农学院，广东广州 510642
  5.广州市净水有限公司，广东省污水处理及污泥资源化工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510655
- 作者简介：
  
  姚智凯（2001—），男，硕士研究生。研究方向为环境中有机污染物的微生物降解。
  贾伟彬（1992—），男，助理研究员，研究方向为有机污染物的微生物降解机制解析与环境修复。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0910300);国家自然科学基金(U24A20637;32300095);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金省市联合基金项目(2025B515130001);广东特支计划杰出人才项目(2023JC07L096);广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴行动项目(2024-WPY-00-013);广州市国资委科技创新创业项目“面向减污降碳的绿色低碳污水处理关键技术集成研究与工程应用”
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-053
  中图分类号： Q819;X172
- 网络首发：2026-08-04，
- 稿件说明：
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姚智凯，陈乐天，谭小萍，李吉宏，贾伟彬，许玫英. 光催化-生物杂合系统强化污染物降解的研究进展：从功能组装到理性设计［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-053

YAO Zhikai， CHEN Letian， TAN Xiaoping， LI Jihong， JIA Weibin， XU Meiying. Advances in Enhanced Pollutant Degradation by Photocatalysis-Biohybrid Systems： From Functional Assembly to Rational Design［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-053
姚智凯，陈乐天，谭小萍，李吉宏，贾伟彬，许玫英. 光催化-生物杂合系统强化污染物降解的研究进展：从功能组装到理性设计［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-053 DOI：

YAO Zhikai， CHEN Letian， TAN Xiaoping， LI Jihong， JIA Weibin， XU Meiying. Advances in Enhanced Pollutant Degradation by Photocatalysis-Biohybrid Systems： From Functional Assembly to Rational Design［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-053 DOI：

摘要

环境中难降解污染物的持续累积对生态安全和人类健康构成了严重威胁。光催化-生物杂合系统（Photocatalysis-Biohybrid Systems， PBS）通过将光催化材料与非光敏微生物耦合，能够在太阳能驱动下实现污染物的高效降解与转化。然而，当前面向污染物降解的PBS多停留在“材料+天然单菌”的经验组装阶段，面临跨界电子传递受限、胞内还原力非定向分流及降解代谢路径不完整等核心瓶颈，严重制约了其性能提升与工程应用。本文系统概述了PBS的协同作用机制、结构特征及其关键影响因素，总结了其在抗生素、多环芳烃、金属离子及微塑料等典型污染物降解中的最新应用进展，同时重点围绕合成微生物组构建、电子传递链重构以及材料界面优化等核心策略，深入分析了强化杂合系统的有效途径。最后，本文探讨了PBS当前面临的跨界面电子传递效率低、降解路径不完整及系统稳定性不足等核心挑战，并展望了通过合成微生物组构建、电子传递链定向调控以及群落-材料界面的协同适配等策略实现理性设计与工程化应用的未来前景。本文旨在推动PBS从经验驱动的“简单功能组装”向可预测、可调控的“理性系统设计”转变，为构建高效、稳定、可控的污染物降解系统提供理论依据与技术参考。

Abstract

The continuous and pervasive accumulation of recalcitrant pollutants in the natural environment poses a progressively severe threat to global ecological security and human health. Conventional remediation technologies often struggle to completely mineralize these complex compounds. To address this critical issue

Photocatalysis-Biohybrid Systems (PBS) have emerged as a promising

sustainable strategy. These systems enable the efficient degradation and structural transformation of persistent pollutants driven directly by solar energy by seamlessly coupling semiconductor photocatalytic materials with non-photosynthetic microorganisms. By bridging abiotic light-harvesting components with whole-cell biocatalysts

PBS cleverly harness the strengths of both fields. However

current PBS configurations for environmental pollutant degradation largely remain at the rudimentary

empirical assembly stage

heavily relying on the "material + natural single strain" paradigm. Consequently

they face several core bottlenecks

such as restricted cross-interface electron transfer efficiency between inorganic materials and biological membranes

the non-directional diversion of intracellular reducing power

and incomplete microbial degradation metabolic pathways. These intrinsic limitations severely restrict their overall performance enhancement

operational stability

and subsequent large-scale engineering applications. To overcome these barriers

this comprehensive review systematically outlines the fundamental synergistic mechanisms

structural design characteristics

and key environmental influencing factors of various PBS architectures. It critically summarizes recent application advances in the targeted degradation of typical environmental pollutants

including antibiotics

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

heavy metal ions

and emerging microplastics. Furthermore

the review provides an in-depth

mechanistic analysis of effective pathways for systematic enhancement. Particular focus is directed toward core optimization strategies

such as synthetic microbiome construction for multi-step degradation

targeted electron transport chain reconstruction to boost energy utilization

and material interface optimization to enhance biocompatibility and electron transfer rates. Finally

this paper discusses the core challenges currently facing PBS

including low cross-interface electron transfer efficiency

incomplete degradation pathways

and insufficient system stability. It further highlights future prospects for achieving rational design and engineering applications through advanced strategies

such as the construction of synthetic microbiomes

the targeted regulation of electron transport chains

and the synergistic adaptation of community-material interfaces. Ultimately

this review aims to drive the fundamental transition of PBS research from an experience-driven "simple functional assembly" to a predictable

robust

and controllable "rational system design". By doing so

it provides a crucial theoretical basis and technical reference for the future development of highly efficient

stable

and scientifically controllable pollutant degradation systems globally.

关键词

Keywords

references

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