纳米材料-微生物杂合体在环境领域的原理及应用

刘宇晖; 周思志; 陈曼; 周顺桂

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2026-036

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纳米材料-微生物杂合体在环境领域的原理及应用

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- 纳米材料-微生物杂合体在环境领域的原理及应用
- Principles and applications of nanomaterial-microorganism hybrids in the environmental field
- 合成生物学 2026年页码：1-23
- 作者机构：
  
  福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建福州　350002
- 作者简介：
  
  刘宇晖（1994—），男，副教授，博士，硕士生导师。研究方向为土壤矿物光电化学驱动的碳循环、土壤环境同位素地球化学。
  陈曼（1987—），女，教授，博士，博士生导师。研究方向为土水界面光活性材料-微生物耦合驱动的氮转化过程等。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(42525702)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-036
  中图分类号： Q815
- 收稿：2026-04-30，
  
  修回：2026-07-01，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-01，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘宇晖，周思志，陈曼，周顺桂. 纳米材料-微生物杂合体在环境领域的原理及应用［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-036

LIU Yuhui， ZHOU Sizhi， CHEN Man， ZHOU Shungui. Principles and applications of nanomaterial-microorganism hybrids in the environmental field［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-036
刘宇晖，周思志，陈曼，周顺桂. 纳米材料-微生物杂合体在环境领域的原理及应用［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-036 DOI：

LIU Yuhui， ZHOU Sizhi， CHEN Man， ZHOU Shungui. Principles and applications of nanomaterial-microorganism hybrids in the environmental field［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-036 DOI：

摘要

集成纳米材料优异的光电性能与活体细胞高效的生物转化能力，纳米材料-微生物杂合体在环境修复与资源化利用领域展现出巨大潜力。近年来，材料工程和微生物工程的发展，极大地拓展了纳米材料-微生物杂合体在复杂环境场景中的应用。本文以光生电子的生成、界面电子转移及胞内电子利用为主线，系统阐明了杂合体中在环境修复领域的应用原理；梳理了纳米材料-微生物杂合体在无机污染治理、难降解有机物降解及二氧化碳（CO

）高值化转化中的应用现状；并探讨了环境相容性纳米光敏材料的优化、环境微生物底盘的改造、多物理场耦合等优化策略。此外，本文针对当前纳米材料-微生物杂合体在环境领域应用的局限性进行了批判性评述，并提出了前瞻性的研究方向。

Abstract

By integrating the superior photoelectric properties of nanomaterials with the efficient biotransformation capabilities of microorganisms

nanomaterial-microorganism hybrids exhibit tremendous potential in environmental remediation and resource recovery. Recent advancements in materials and microbial engineering have significantly expanded the applications of these biohybrids in complex

highly dynamic environmental scenarios. Focusing on photoelectron generation

interfacial electron transfer

and intracellular electron utilization

this review systematically elucidates the mechanistic principles underlying these hybrids in environmental fields. Specifically

we detail how photogenerated electrons are harvested

transferred across the nano–bio interface

and ultimately incorporated into cellular metabolic networks to drive targeted redox reactions and resource conversion processes. Furthermore

we summ

arize their current applications across various environmental domains and categorize recent breakthroughs by target pollutant types and resource recovery outputs. For inorganic pollutants

biohybrids enable sustainable nitrate reduction and heavy metal detoxification via biomineralization or valence state transformation

effectively immobilizing hazardous contaminants such as hexavalent chromium and lead. For organic pollutants

they facilitate the degradation of recalcitrant compounds

such as azo dyes and emerging pharmaceutical antibiotics

often utilizing advanced heterojunction designs to enhance charge separation and minimize energy recombination losses. The review also highlights their crucial role in the high-value conversion of carbon dioxide (CO

) into fuels and biochemicals

including methane

acetate

and bioplastics. To overcome existing performance bottlenecks in real-world environments

we explore advanced optimization strategies

such as the enhancement of energy input through multi-physical field coupling

the development of environmentally compatible nano-photosensitive materials and the engineering of environmental microbial chassis. Additionally

a critical assessment is provided regarding current limitations

particularly techno‑economic barriers that hinder large-scale deployment

reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity

and ecological safety concerns about genetic escape in open ecosystems. Finally

this review proposes forward-looking research directions. We emphasize integrating artificial intelligence

machine learning

and digital twin technologies to map

model

and intelligently optimize these complex biohybrid systems for practical applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

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