逆β-氧化途径工程化：从有机废弃物到中链脂肪酸

朱俊羿; 肖婧; 王少杰; 苏海佳

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2026-034

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逆β-氧化途径工程化：从有机废弃物到中链脂肪酸

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-07-01

- 逆β-氧化途径工程化：从有机废弃物到中链脂肪酸
- Engineering of reverse β-oxidation （RBO） pathway： converting organic waste into medium-chain fatty acid
- 合成生物学 2026年页码：1-24
- 作者机构：
  
  绿色生物制造全国重点实验室，绿色化学品生物制造北京市重点实验室，国家生物炼制能源研发中心，北京合成生物制造技术创新中心，北京化工大学，北京，100029
- 作者简介：
  
  朱俊羿（2001—），男，博士研究生。研究方向为合成生物学。
  王少杰（1991—），男，副教授。研究方向为合成生物学与生物能源。
  苏海佳（1970—），女，教授，博士生导师。研究方向为合成生物学、生物分离、工业水处理、生物环境材料等。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22578021;22308018);北京自然科学基金(2252017);中国教育部基础与交叉学科突破计划(JYB2025XDXM509);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(buctrc202341;JD2621;PY2604)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-034
  中图分类号： Q81
- 收稿：2026-04-30，
  
  修回：2026-06-30，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-01，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
朱俊羿，肖婧，王少杰，苏海佳. 逆β-氧化途径工程化：从有机废弃物到中链脂肪酸［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-034

ZHU Junyi， XIAO jing， WANG Shaojie， SU Haijia. Engineering of reverse β-oxidation （RBO） pathway： converting organic waste into medium-chain fatty acid［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-034
朱俊羿，肖婧，王少杰，苏海佳. 逆β-氧化途径工程化：从有机废弃物到中链脂肪酸［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-034 DOI：

ZHU Junyi， XIAO jing， WANG Shaojie， SU Haijia. Engineering of reverse β-oxidation （RBO） pathway： converting organic waste into medium-chain fatty acid［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-034 DOI：

摘要

全球有机废弃物产生量正逐年攀升，而传统处理工艺却难以实现废弃物中碳资源的高效回收与转化。逆β-氧化（RBO）途径作为一类循环型碳链延长平台，凭借其碳原子经济性高、能量输入形式单一、酶学组成精简等优势，其工程化改造为有机废弃物的“碳升级”提供了极具前景的合成生物学路径。现有综述多聚焦于工程化RBO途径的代谢工程改造策略，尚缺乏将其与有机废弃物处理相衔接的策略性视角。本文系统综述了工程化RBO途径的研究进展，涵盖途径移植与模块化重构、碳流重定向、还原力平衡调控及产物谱拓展等代谢工程策略，并分析了针对产物毒性的应对方法。在此基础上，本文进一步勾勒出RBO途径“模式底物—废弃物特征组分—真实复杂废弃物”的递进式研究路线图，并提出以合成共培养体系作为理性设计通向应用落地的衔接桥梁，系统分析了其弥合纯培养与混菌发酵之间鸿沟的潜力与挑战。最后，围绕途径通量精准调控、新型酶挖掘、工业化应用菌株构建和开放环境鲁棒性提升等核心瓶颈，展望了未来将工程化RBO途径从实验室推向有机废弃物高值转化工业应用的研究方向。本文旨在融合合成生物学的设计能力与环境工程的场景认知，为推动工程化RBO途径从模式研究走向废弃物真实场景的高效应用提供理论支撑。

Abstract

Global organic waste generation continues to rise

while conventional treatment processes struggle to achieve efficient recovery and conversion of the carbon resources contained therein. The reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway

a cyclic carbon chain elongation platform

offers distinct advantages including high carbon atom economy

a single energy input form

and a streamlined enzymatic composition. Engineering this pathway thus represents a highly promising synthetic biology route for the 'carbon upgrading' of organic waste. Existing reviews have largely focused on metabolic engineering strategies for the RBO pathway

yet a strategic perspective that explicitly connects these engineering efforts with organic waste processing remains lacking. This review systematically summarizes progress in engineering the RBO pathway

covering metabolic engineering strategies such as pathway transplantation and modular reconstruction

carbon flux redirection

redox balance regulation

and product spectrum expansion

as well as approaches to counter product toxicity. Building upon this

we delineate a progressive research roadmap for the RBO pathway—"model substrates → characteristic waste components → real complex wastes"—and propose synthetic co-culture systems as a bridging link that connects rational design to practical application. We then systematically analyze the potential and challenges of such systems in closing the gap between pure-culture rational design and mixed-culture fermentation. Finally

focusing on key bottlenecks including precise pathway flux regulation

mining of novel enzymes

construction of industrial strains

and enhancement of robustness in open environments

we offer perspectives on future research directions to advance the engineered RBO pathway from the laboratory toward industrial applications for high-value conversion of organic waste. This review aims to integrate the design capabilities of synthetic biology with the contextual understanding of environmental engineering

thereby providing theoretical support for moving engineered RBO pathways from model studies to efficient application in real waste scenarios.

关键词

Keywords

references

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