从“极地探索”到“极地生物制造”：中国极地微生物资源的开发利用与前景

季晶; 张伦源; 王正; 徐虎; 郑晗冰; 谢秉幸; 丁海涛; 李祥锴

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2026-030

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从“极地探索”到“极地生物制造”：中国极地微生物资源的开发利用与前景

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-07-27

- 从“极地探索”到“极地生物制造”：中国极地微生物资源的开发利用与前景
- From “polar exploration” to “polar biomanufacturing”： the development， utilization， and prospects of China’s polar microbial resources
- 合成生物学 2026年页码：1-21
- 作者机构：
  
  1.兰州大学生命科学学院，细胞活动与逆境适应教育部重点实验室，甘肃　兰州　730000
  2.中国极地研究中心，自然资源部极地科学重点实验室，上海　200136
- 作者简介：
  
  季晶（1993—），男，研究员，硕士生导师。研究方向为极地微生物资源挖掘与生物制造。 E-mail：jingji@lzu.edu.cn
  李祥锴（1979—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师。研究方向为环境功能微生物开发与应用等。 E-mail：xkli@lzu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  兰州大学人才科研基金(561120220);国家自然科学基金(32300049;32370110);甘肃省自然科学基金(24JRRA519)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-030
  中图分类号： Q939
- 收稿：2026-04-29，
  
  修回：2026-07-16，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-27，
- 稿件说明：
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季晶，张伦源，王正，徐虎，郑晗冰，谢秉幸，丁海涛，李祥锴. 从“极地探索”到“极地生物制造”：中国极地微生物资源的开发利用与前景［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-030

JI Jing， ZHANG Lunyuan， WANG Zheng， XU Hu， ZHENG Hanbing， XIE Bingxing， DING Haitao， LI Xiangkai. From “polar exploration” to “polar biomanufacturing”： the development， utilization， and prospects of China’s polar microbial resources［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-030
季晶，张伦源，王正，徐虎，郑晗冰，谢秉幸，丁海涛，李祥锴. 从“极地探索”到“极地生物制造”：中国极地微生物资源的开发利用与前景［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-030 DOI：

JI Jing， ZHANG Lunyuan， WANG Zheng， XU Hu， ZHENG Hanbing， XIE Bingxing， DING Haitao， LI Xiangkai. From “polar exploration” to “polar biomanufacturing”： the development， utilization， and prospects of China’s polar microbial resources［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-030 DOI：

摘要

极地微生物资源具有长期地理隔离、多重环境适应和功能遗传多样性等特点，是发现新型功能基因、代谢途径和工程化生物元件的重要来源，在低温绿色催化、环境污染治理、资源循环利用和低碳生物制造等领域展现出应用潜力。然而，极地资源开发仍面临资源分散、可培养性不足、功能验证滞后、工程底盘缺乏以及资源治理体系有待完善等问题。本文围绕从极地探索到极地微生物驱动生物制造的发展主线，系统梳理了中国在南极、北极和第三极形成的科考平台、连续采样体系及资源积累基础，总结了极地微生物菌株、功能基因与生物合成基因簇、环境耐受模块及潜在工程底盘等关键资源，回顾了从样本采集、菌株保藏到数字序列信息和多组学数据库建设的发展过程，并分析了极地资源在低温工业过程、寒区环境修复与资源循环、高寒农业、高附加值产品开发以及生物冶金和一碳生物制造等方向的应用前景。进一步比较了南极、北极和第三极资源体系的特点与互补性，指出第三极在连续观测、功能验证和场景应用方面具有独特优势。未来应加强极地样本、菌株、基因组、功能表型和环境元数据的系统整合，推动人工智能辅助挖掘、合成生物学重构、自动化生物铸造和非模式底盘开发，促进资源发现、功能验证与工程转化的有效衔接。总体而言，极地微生物资源有望为中国环境治理、低碳转型和生物制造提供新的功能资源与技术支撑。

Abstract

Polar microbial resources represent an important frontier for sustainable biomanufacturing because they originate from ecosystems shaped by long-term geographic isolation and multiple environmental stresses

including low temperature

freeze-thaw cycles

oligotrophy

high salinity

strong ultraviolet radiation

and low oxygen availability. These evolutionary and ecological processes have generated a wide range of unique functional genes

metabolic pathways

and adaptive traits

making polar microorganisms valuable sources of cold-active enzymes

antifreeze and ice-binding proteins

extracellular polysaccharides

pigments

biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs)

stress-tolerance modules

and potential non-model chassis. However

their practical utilization remains constrained by fragmented resource collections

low culturability

insufficient functional validation

incomplete integration of digital sequence information (DSI)

limited genetic toolkits

and underdeveloped biosafety and governance frameworks. Following the theme of "from polar exploration to biomanufacturing"

this review summarizes the development of China's polar microbial resource system across Antarctica

the Arctic

and the Third Pole. We first describe the resource acquisition network established through Chinese polar research stations

icebreaker expeditions

Arctic observation programs

and long-term investigations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cryosphere

and discuss the complementary roles of the three polar regions in resource discovery

ecological research

functional validation

and engineering translation. We then review the accumulation of cultivable microbial resources

including bacteria

actinomycetes

yeasts

filamentous fungi

and microalgae

together with advances in functional genes

BGCs

stress-resistance modules

and emerging chassis candidates. Particular attention is given to the transition from physical samples and strain collections to genome catalogs

metagenome-assembled genomes

multi-omics datasets

and DSI platforms

which are enabling data-driven discovery and synthetic biology-guided reconstruction of polar functional resources. The potential applications of these resources in low-temperature industrial processes

environmental remediation and resource recycling

cold-region agriculture

high-value bioproduct development

biomining and one-carbon (C1) biomanufacturing are further discussed in relation to China's environmental and low-carbon development needs. Finally

future priorities are proposed

including coordinated sampling and preservation

phenotype annotation

artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted resource mining

non-model chassis engineering

automated design–build–test–learn workflows

process scale-up

techno-economic assessment

lifecycle analysis

biosafety evaluation

and international governance coordination. Overall

polar microbial resources provide an expanding foundation for the discovery

validation

and engineering of functional biological components and may contribute to future environmental sustainability

low-carbon transition

and advanced biomanufacturing.

关键词

Keywords

references

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