合成生物技术强化脂肽表面活性剂环境修复进展

张亦桑; 尚维; 丁明珠; 程景胜

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2026-025

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合成生物技术强化脂肽表面活性剂环境修复进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-07-23

- 合成生物技术强化脂肽表面活性剂环境修复进展
- Recent advances in synthetic biology-intensified lipopeptide biosurfactants for environmental pollution remediation
- 合成生物学 2026年页码：1-29
- 作者机构：
  
  1.合成生物技术全国重点实验室，天津　300350
  2.天津大学合成生物与生物制造学院，天津　300350
  3.物质绿色创造与制造海河实验室，天津　300192
- 作者简介：
  
  张亦桑（1998—），女，博士研究生。研究方向为合成生物学与酶工程。
  程景胜（1972—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师。研究方向合成生物学和生物制药，聚焦环脂肽细胞工厂构建和抗生素等污染物生物转化的人工混菌系统设计构建等。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2024YFA0919000);国家自然科学基金(22478291);物质绿色创造与制造海河实验室资助项目(25HHWCSS00006)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-025
  中图分类号： Q816
- 收稿：2026-04-14，
  
  修回：2026-07-04，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-23，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张亦桑，尚维，丁明珠，程景胜. 合成生物技术强化脂肽表面活性剂环境修复进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-025

ZHANG Yisang， SHANG Wei， DING Mingzhu， CHENG Jingsheng. Recent advances in synthetic biology-intensified lipopeptide biosurfactants for environmental pollution remediation［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-025
张亦桑，尚维，丁明珠，程景胜. 合成生物技术强化脂肽表面活性剂环境修复进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-025 DOI：

ZHANG Yisang， SHANG Wei， DING Mingzhu， CHENG Jingsheng. Recent advances in synthetic biology-intensified lipopeptide biosurfactants for environmental pollution remediation［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-025 DOI：

摘要

污染场地中疏水有机物、重金属及新污染物的去除常受界面传质、强吸附和群落稳定性限制，单纯增强降解代谢难以保证场地效果。脂肽类生物表面活性剂兼具高界面活性、低环境负荷和非核糖体肽合成酶（NRPS）介导的结构可编程性，是连接污染物分配、细胞行为和工程部署的关键界面功能模块。本文以“从外源添加剂到可编程界面模块”为主线，综述脂肽结构—功能关系、NRPS装配逻辑、底盘细胞重塑与混菌构建策略，以及在石油烃、重金属、抗生素和农药污染修复中的应用。现有进展表明，脂肽研究的核心已由简单提高溶解度，推进到三类可工程化问题：一是通过调节脂肪酸链长、肽环组成和同系物分布控制临界胶束浓度（CMC）、乳化和络合性能；二是通过原位生成和合成菌群设计同步改善传质、定殖和群落分工；三是通过低劣生物质（如厨余、农业废弃物和工业副产物）供给与泡沫分馏、过程放大及生物安全控制耦合，提升场地部署可行性。未来需围绕可编程脂肽库、数据驱动DBTL循环、场景化剂量窗口和开放环境生物封存建立标准化评价体系，推动脂肽由经验性修复增效因子转化为环境合成生物学中的可设计、可预测和可控制模块。

Abstract

Pollutant removal in soils

sediments

and wastewater is often constrained by interfacial mass transfer

strong sorption

limited contaminant bioavailability

and instability of introduced microbial functions under open environmental conditions. Lipopeptide biosurfactants offer a distinctive route to address these constraints because they combine strong interfacial activity

biodegradability

relatively low environmental burden

and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-encoded structural programmability. Given the interfacial mass-transfer limitations in pollutant remediation and the design requirements of environmental synthetic biology

this review reframes lipopeptides not merely as exogenous surfactant additives

but as programmable interfacial functional modules that connect contaminant partitioning

microbial adhesion

community organization

and field deployment. We summarize the structural features and NRPS assembly logic of representative lipopeptide families

discuss chassis engineering

metabolic regulation

mixed-culture production

low-grade biomass valorization

and evaluate application evidence in the pollution remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons

heavy metals

antibiotics

and pesticides. Current progress indicates that the central advances in this field have moved beyond the simple enhancement of contaminant solubility. First

fatty-acid chain length

peptide-ring composition

and homologue distribution can be engineered to tune critical micelle concentration

emulsification

adsorption

membrane interaction

and metal-complexation behavior. Second

in situ lipopeptide generation and synthetic microbial consortia can couple interfacial mass transfer with colonization

division of labor

and community persistence. Third

integration with low-grade biomass feedstocks

foam-based in situ recovery

process scale-up

and biosafety control provides a more realistic route toward deployable remediation systems. This perspective also clarifies why lipopeptide performance must be interpreted through the joint effects of molecular structure

phase behavior

microbial physiology

and site heterogeneity rather than by surface tension alone. We further analyze dose-window effects

micellar sequestration

membrane stress

chassis compatibility

foam management

downstream recovery

regulatory constraints

and genetic biocontainment as key boundaries for translation. Future research should establish programmable lipopeptide libraries

standardized interfacial phenotyping

data-driven Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles

scenario-specific dose windows

and biosafety-by-design strategies. Such developments would enable lipopeptides to evolve from empirical remediation enhancers into designable

predictable

and controllable modules within environmental synthetic biology.

关键词

Keywords

references

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