微生物合成烃类四萜化合物：路径优化与底盘改造策略的研究进展

方越; 贾斌; 肖文海; 王颖; 姚明东

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2026-019

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微生物合成烃类四萜化合物：路径优化与底盘改造策略的研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-05-26

- 微生物合成烃类四萜化合物：路径优化与底盘改造策略的研究进展
- Microbial Synthesis of Hydrocarbon Tetraterpenoids：Research Progress on Pathway Optimization and Chassis Engineering Strategies
- 合成生物学 2026年页码：1-17
- 作者机构：
  
  1.天津大学合成生物与生物制造学院，天津 300072
  2.天津大学合成生物技术全国重点实验室和合成生物学前沿科学中心（教育部），天津 300072
  3.天津大学合成生物前沿研究院，天津 301700
  4.天津大学生命科学学院，天津 300072
- 作者简介：
  
  方越（2001—），男，硕士研究生。研究方向为酿酒酵母合成β-胡萝卜素。
  王颖（1983—），女，英才副教授，博士生导师。研究方向为合成生物学、生物制造、萜烯类细胞工厂的精准构建与精细调控等。
  姚明东（1981—），男，副研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为合成生物学、细胞工厂、酶工程等。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1103701)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-019
  中图分类号： TQ 920.6
- 收稿：2026-03-27，
  
  修回：2026-05-25，
  
  网络首发：2026-05-26，
- 稿件说明：
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方越，贾斌，肖文海，王颖，姚明东. 微生物合成烃类四萜化合物：路径优化与底盘改造策略的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-019

FANG Yue， JIA Bing， XIAO Wenhai， WANG Ying， YAO Mingdong. Microbial Synthesis of Hydrocarbon Tetraterpenoids：Research Progress on Pathway Optimization and Chassis Engineering Strategies［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-019
方越，贾斌，肖文海，王颖，姚明东. 微生物合成烃类四萜化合物：路径优化与底盘改造策略的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-019 DOI：

FANG Yue， JIA Bing， XIAO Wenhai， WANG Ying， YAO Mingdong. Microbial Synthesis of Hydrocarbon Tetraterpenoids：Research Progress on Pathway Optimization and Chassis Engineering Strategies［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7. DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-019 DOI：

摘要

以番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素为代表的烃类四萜化合物，因具有着色、抗氧化、营养供给、免疫调节等作用，被广泛应用于食品、医药及化妆品等行业。目前，烃类四萜化合物获取方法主要有天然提取、化学合成和微生物合成。其中，天然提取受限于原料供应和提取效率，化学合成则存在副产物多、环境不友好等问题。随着合成生物学的快速发展，微生物合成烃类四萜化合物的生产效率得到显著提高，并且具有低碳绿色、环境友好等优点，推动了烃类四萜化合物生物制造的产业化进程。本文总结了微生物合成烃类四萜化合物的相关技术策略和研究成果，主要从路径优化和底盘改造两方面对这些研究进行归纳分析，并展望了未来微生物合成烃类四萜化合物的研究前景，如AI辅助酶定向进化、机器学习整合多组学数据、构建荧光报告系统耦合烃类四萜化合物产量。以期进一步推动其生物合成的效能。

Abstract

Hydrocarbon tetraterpenoids

such as lycopene and β‑carotene

possess diverse physiological functions including pigmentation

antioxidant activity

nutritional support

and immunomodulation. Owing to these properties

they are extensively used in the food

pharmaceutical

and cosmetic industries. Current production methods include natural extraction

chemical synthesis

and microbial synthesis. Natural extraction is constrained by limited raw material availability

seasonal variation

and low extraction efficiency

making large‑scale production difficult. Chemical synthesis

while capable of high yields

often generates undesirable by‑products and relies on non‑renewable resources and organic solvents

raising environmental concerns regarding pollution and chemical residues. With the rapid advances in synthetic biology

microbial synthesis has emerged as a highly promising and sustainable alternative. It offers significantly improved production efficiency

mild reaction conditions

a low carbon footprint

and environmental friendliness

thereby accelerating the industrialization of tetraterpenoid biomanufacturing. This article systematically reviews recent technical strategies and research progress in the microbial synthesis of hydrocarbon tetraterpenoids

with an emphasis on two complementary aspects: pathway optimization and chassis engineering. Regarding pathway optimization

key strategies include the screening and rational engineering of rate‑limiting enzymes

redirection of metabolic flux toward the target pathway

and disruption of competing branches. For example

heterologous enzymes from different sources are often subjected to codon optimization

site‑directed mutagenesis

or subcellular relocalization to enhance their activity and substrate specificity. Pathway balancing via promoter engineering or modular assembly further improves product titers. In terms of chassis engineering

effective approaches involve the selection of appropriate host strains

cofactor balancing to support redox demands

optimization of regulatory elements

and engineering of efflux systems to relieve product toxicity and feedback inhibition. Additionally

adaptive laboratory evolution and transcriptome‑guided target discovery have enabled the identification of non‑pathway genes that significantly enhance production. Finally

this article discusses future directions for further improving the efficiency of hydrocarbon tetraterpenoid synthesis. Emerging technologies such as dynamic metabolic regulation

high‑throughput screening of enzyme variants

biosensor‑based strain development

and cell‑free biosynthesis systems hold great potential. These advances will provide theoretical guidance and technical support for sustainable green biomanufacturing in the field of natural product synthesis.

关键词

Keywords

references

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