食气梭菌驱动的一碳气体增值转化：进展与挑战

赵然; 陆娜; 乔洪刚

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2026-016

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食气梭菌驱动的一碳气体增值转化：进展与挑战

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-07-03

- 食气梭菌驱动的一碳气体增值转化：进展与挑战
- Advances and challenges with the valorization of C₁ gases driven by acetogenic Clostridia
- 合成生物学 2026年7卷第3期页码：627-655
- 作者机构：
  
  巨鹏生物科技有限公司，北京 100025
- 作者简介：
  
  赵然（1995—），女，博士。研究方向为合成生物学与代谢工程。E-mail：Ran.Zhao@jupengbio.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2026-016
  中图分类号： Q939.97
- 收稿：2026-03-11，
  
  修回：2026-05-27，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06-30
- 稿件说明：
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赵然，陆娜，乔洪刚. 食气梭菌驱动的一碳气体增值转化：进展与挑战［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（3）： 627-655

ZHAO Ran， LU Na， QIAO Honggang. Advances and challenges with the valorization of C₁ gases driven by acetogenic Clostridia［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（3）： 627-655 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-016.
赵然，陆娜，乔洪刚. 食气梭菌驱动的一碳气体增值转化：进展与挑战［J］. 合成生物学， 2026， 7（3）： 627-655 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-016.

ZHAO Ran， LU Na， QIAO Honggang. Advances and challenges with the valorization of C₁ gases driven by acetogenic Clostridia［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2026， 7（3）： 627-655 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2026-016. DOI：

摘要

在生物制造与绿色化工领域，利用微生物细胞工厂将富含CO

等一碳组分的工业尾气转化为高附加值生物产品，已成为实现“碳减排”与“资源循环”双重目标的前沿技术方向。以食气梭菌为代表的化能自养型微生物，凭借其独特的一碳气体同化代谢能力在这一领域展现出显著的技术优势与产业化应用潜力。自产醇梭菌（

Clostridium autoethanogenum

）、永达尔梭菌（

Clostridium ljungdahlii

）等典型食气梭菌，因具备固碳效率高、代谢可塑性强、底物适应性广等特点，已成为当前气体发酵研究与工业应用中的核心底盘菌株。基于此类菌株构建的气体发酵平台技术，为钢铁、化工等行业排放的CO、CO

等一碳废气提供了高效、绿色、可持续的资源化转化路径，对我国实现“双碳”战略目标具有重要的推动作用与可观的商业前景。本文围绕工业气体转化的实际应用需求，对一碳气体生物转化相关的化能自养底盘菌进行了系统比较，并重点聚焦于最适合工业尾气利用的食气梭菌类群，对其发现与发展历程、种类特征及生理代谢进行了系统综述。在此基础上，总结了近年来食气梭菌在代谢设计与工程改造方面的研究进展，以及人工智能技术在这类细菌中的发展与应用，概述了食气梭菌及其他部分化能自养菌的气体发酵产业化发展现状。最后，围绕食气梭菌的改造策略与工业应用需求，从菌株性能提升、工艺强化、成本控制及政策环境等方面，对其工业化应用所面临的挑战与未来发展方向进行了展望，旨在为此类固碳微生物的理性设计、工艺优化以及一碳气体生物转化技术的工程化推广提供参考。

Abstract

In biomanufacturing and green chemical engineering

the conversion of industrial off-gases rich in one-carbon (C

) components such as CO

into high-value bioproducts using microbial cell factories has emerged as a frontier strategy to simultaneously achieve carbon emission reduction and resource circularity. Chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms represented by gas-fermenting acetogenic

Clostridia

exhibit intrinsic technological advantages and industrial potentials owing to their efficient C

gas assimilation capability and the unique Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway. Among them

Clostridium autoethanogenum

and

Clostridium ljungdahlii

have become the core chassis strains for gas fermentation research and industrial deployment

attributed to their high carbon fixation efficiency

metabolic plasticity

and broad substrate adaptability. Gas fermentation platform technologies built upon these acetogenic strains provide an efficient

green

and sustainable route for the resource utilization of CO- and CO

-containing industrial waste gases emitted from steelmaking

chemical

and related industries

and thus hold significant promise for advancing the “dual-carbon” strategic goals of China (carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060)

with considerable commercial prospects. This review compares chemolithoautotrophic chassis organisms for one-carbon gas bioconversion

with a focus on gas-fermenting acetogenic

Clostridia

for industrial off-gas valorization. Their discovery and development

species and characteristics

as well as physiological and metabolic features are summarized. Recent advances in strain engineering strategies

together with emerging applications of artificial intelligence in strain design and optimization

are also discussed. The current status of industrial gas fermentation involving acetogenic

Clostridia

and some other chemolithoautotrophs is outlined. Finally

perspectives are provided on strain engineering and process development

with emphasis on key challenges in strain performance

process intensification

cost reduction

and regulatory constraints for industrial deployment aiming to provide references for the rational design of carbon-fixing microorganisms

process optimization

and the engineering-scale deployment of C

gas bioconversion technolo

gies.

关键词

Keywords

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