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biotechnology is undergoing a paradigm shift-from “discovering” to “reconstructing”-and its strategic value is being redefined. No longer a long-term expectation for biomanufacturing

it is now emerging as a critical pathway to reshape the logic of carbon-based industries for carbon neutrality. China possesses the world’s most abundant application scenarios and also the most urgent industrial demand

yet its dependence on “root technologies” remains the greatest vulnerability. This article argues that China must move beyond the conventional mindset of “isolated breakthroughs”

and instead pursue a systemic reconstruction of its innovation paradigm

industrial ecosystem

benignant environment for talents

and standard-setting discourse. With strategic layouts

China can catch the historic opportunity of the global green industrial revolution

and secure a leading position in the emerging carbon-based future.

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