农业合成生物学：政策规划与产业发展协同推进

张学博; 朱成姝; 陈睿雲; 金庆姿; 刘晓; 熊燕; 陈大明

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-066

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农业合成生物学：政策规划与产业发展协同推进

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-11-12

- 农业合成生物学：政策规划与产业发展协同推进
- Policy planning and industrial development of agricultural synthetic biology
- 合成生物学 2025年6卷第5期页码：1224-1242
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院上海生命科学信息中心，中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所，上海 200031
  2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张学博（1983—），女，博士，馆员。研究方向为生命科学与生物技术领域的科技情报研究。E-mail：xbzhang@sinh.ac.cn" ]
  [ "熊燕（1967—），女，博士，研究员。研究方向为合成生物学领域的战略研究。E-mail：yxiong@sinh.ac.cn" ]
  [ "陈大明（1982—），男，硕士，研究员。研究方向为生命科学及其交叉学科的科技情报研究。E-mail：chendaming@sinh.ac.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0908601)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-066
  中图分类号： Q-1;Q81
- 收稿：2025-06-25，
  
  修回：2025-08-28，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张学博，朱成姝，陈睿雲，金庆姿，刘晓，熊燕，陈大明. 农业合成生物学：政策规划与产业发展协同推进［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1224-1242

ZHANG Xuebo， ZHU Chengshu， CHEN Ruiyun， JIN Qingzi， LIU Xiao， XIONG Yan， CHEN Daming. Policy planning and industrial development of agricultural synthetic biology［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1224-1242
张学博，朱成姝，陈睿雲，金庆姿，刘晓，熊燕，陈大明. 农业合成生物学：政策规划与产业发展协同推进［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1224-1242 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-066.

ZHANG Xuebo， ZHU Chengshu， CHEN Ruiyun， JIN Qingzi， LIU Xiao， XIONG Yan， CHEN Daming. Policy planning and industrial development of agricultural synthetic biology［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1224-1242 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-066.

摘要

农业合成生物学作为融合生物学、工程学与计算机科学的交叉学科，通过创新设计与改造生物系统，推动农业生产向更高效、可持续的方向发展。其进步不仅依赖技术创新，更需政策规划与产业需求的动态适配。近年来，全球各国政府通过政策制定、创新激励与产业促进，加速推进该领域的发展。政策方面，美国、欧盟、英国及澳大利亚等国家和地区，通过顶层设计和配套措施，支持基因编辑、代谢工程等关键技术在农业领域的研发与应用。我国亦积极构建产学研一体化的创新生态系统，加速农业合成生物技术的创新与产业化进程。产业方面，在政策引导下，创新技术已在育种、食品与饲料、生物农药等细分领域实现初步商业化。本文基于农业合成生物学的创新链与产业链，系统梳理国内外相关政策规划与产业发展现状，并聚焦作物改良、抗逆性提升及原材料开发等重点方向，解析农业合成生物学“技术驱动-中试验证-产业转化”链条中的关键环节，以期为破解产业化瓶颈、优化资源配置、激发市场主体活力提供参考路径，从而加快我国农业生物技术创新成果转化进程，保障国家粮食安全与生态安全，全面提升我国农业领域的国际竞争力与可持续发展能力。

Abstract

Agricultural synthetic biology

an emerging interdisciplinary field

synergistically integrates fundamental principles from biology

engineering and computer science

and is dedicated to advancing agricultural production towards greater efficiency and sustainability by innovatively designing and engineering of biological systems. In recent years

governments worldwide have accelerated the development of this field through the combined efforts of policy initiatives and technological innovation. Countries and regions including the United States

the European Union

the United Kingdom

and Australia have introduced policies to explicitly support the research and application of key technologies

such as gene editing and metabolic engineering

in the agricultural field. These supportive frameworks have greatly advanced the global development of agricultural synthetic biology. In China

active efforts are being made to construct an integrated innovation ecosystem connecting industry

academia

and research institutions

with the goal of accelerating the industrialization of agricultural synthetic biology technologies. Currently

several technologies have achieved initial commercial applications in areas such as breeding

food and feed production

and biological pesticides. In crop breeding

precise genome editing enables the development of varieties with enhanced yield

improved nutritional quality

and greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the field of food and feed

genetic engineering is employed to modify microorganisms to produce enzyme preparations that improve feed digestibility and nutritional value

as well as to develop microbial-based biopreservatives to replace chemical preservatives

or natural-source coatings that extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Additionally

biological pesticides derived from natural microorganisms

plant extracts or insect pheromones can effectively reduce the impact on soil

water sources and ecosystems

while reducing the risk of residues. These products are increasingly applied in crop protection

and offer sustainable alternatives for reducing environmental pollution while safeguarding food safety. Several innovative enterprises worldwide have provided valuable experience and insights into the development and application of agricultural microbial products. These companies not only demonstrate effective pathways for translating laboratory research into practical products

but also offer business models that serve as valuable references for the broader industry. Simultaneously

a number of Chinese enterprises are actively exploring the application of synthetic biology to improve crop breeding

enhance crop resistance to stress and diseases

and develop biopesticides

biofertilizers

and new bio-based materials. Some are employing synthetic biology approaches to improve crop performance under adverse environmental conditions or to enhance soil health by optimizing microbial community structures. Despite recent breakthroughs

the continued development of agricultural synthetic biology still faces numerous challenges

including limited market acceptance

underdeveloped regulatory frameworks

insufficient capital investments

and persistent technological bottlenecks. Overcoming these challenges requires a concerted

multi-faceted approach that integrates policy guidance

technological innovation

and industrial upgrading. It is essential to foster synergistic development across key domains

including the engineering of non-food crops

the expansion of photoautotrophic microbial platforms

and the advancement of carbon capture and utilization technologies. At the same time

interdisciplinary collaboration should be strengthened to encourage more research institutions and enterprises to engage in this field. Through the combined forces of supportive policies and increased capital investment

barriers such as ecological risk assessment can be effectively addressed

thereby accelerating the commercialization of new products. Governments must act promptly to establish clear

science-based regulatory pathways that ensure the safety and efficacy of emerging agricultural biotechnologies

at the same time investors should recognize the transformative potential of this field and provide financial support for startups and research initiatives. Ultimately

the goal is to catalyze a global agricultural transformation that ensures food security for a growing population

mitigates the impacts of climate change

and promotes ecological conservation and restoration. Through collaborative efforts among all stakeholders

agricultural synthetic biology has the potential to become a driving force for advancing modern agriculture and building a greener

healthier

and more sustainable future for humanity.

关键词

Keywords

references

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元一生物 . 元一生物与大北农集团签署战略合作协议 [EB/OL ] . ( 2023-12-07 )[ 2025-06-22 ] . https://www.yuanyibio.com/news/42.html https://www.yuanyibio.com/news/42.html

Ueny . Ueny and Dabeinong Group signed Strategic Cooperation Agreement [EB/OL ] . ( 2023-12-07 )[ 2025-06-22 ] . https://www.yuanyibio.com/news/42.html https://www.yuanyibio.com/news/42.html

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