北京大学药学院,天然药物及仿生药物全国重点实验室,北京大学-云南白药国际医学研究中心,北京 100191
肖和(2002—),男,博士研究生。研究方向为中药药效物质及其生物合成。E-mail:h_xiao@bjmu.edu.cn
姚明菊(1998—),女,博士研究生。研究方向为中药药效物质及其生物合成。E-mail:2411110136@pku.edu.cn
乔雪(1985—),女,研究员,博雅特聘教授,博士生导师。研究方向为中药药效成分及其生物合成。E-mail:qiaoxue@bjmu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-05-27,
修回:2025-06-27,
纸质出版:2026-08-31
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肖和, 姚明菊, 乔雪. 长糖链皂苷的生物合成研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2026, 7(4): 695-702
XIAO He, YAO Mingju, QIAO Xue. Advances in the biosynthesis of long sugar-chain saponins[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2026, 7(4): 695-702
肖和, 姚明菊, 乔雪. 长糖链皂苷的生物合成研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2026, 7(4): 695-702 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-049.
XIAO He, YAO Mingju, QIAO Xue. Advances in the biosynthesis of long sugar-chain saponins[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2026, 7(4): 695-702 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-049.
含有多个糖基的长糖链皂苷是常见的植物次生代谢产物,具有调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降脂等药理活性,糖链组成差异是其结构多样性的重要原因。近期,英国约翰英纳斯中心Anne Osbourn教授团队和美国佐治亚大学Jim Leebens-Mack教授团队在
Nat.
Chem.
Biol.
期刊上发表文章,解析了肥皂草中八糖皂苷saponarioside B的生物合成途径。其他长糖链皂苷如avenacin A-1、yossoside V、α-tomatine、QS-21等的生物合成途径也已于近年阐明。本文结合相关研究,针对长糖链皂苷生物合成途径中的糖基化酶进行评论,为长糖链皂苷的生物合成酶挖掘与生物制造提供思路,为植物源皂苷的合成生物学提供线索。
Saponins
characterized by the presence of multiple glycosyl residues arranged in extended oligosaccharide chains
represent a prominent class of plant-derived secondary metabolites. They exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities
including immunomodulatory
antitumor
and lipid-lowering effects. Variations in sugar chain composition critically contribute to their structural diversity. Recently
the biosynthetic pathway of Saponarioside B
an octasaccharide saponin derived from
Saponaria
officinalis
was elucidated through collaborative research efforts led by Prof. Anne Osbourn (John Innes Centre
UK) and Prof. Jim Leebens-Mack (University of Georgia
USA)
as published in
Nature
Chemical
Biology
. The biosynthetic pathways of other long sugar-chain saponins
such as avenacin A-1
yossoside V
α-tomatine
and QS-21
have also been elucidated in recent years. This review aims to explore the glycosylation reactions and thei
r catalytic enzymes in the biosynthesis of long sugar-chain saponins
integrating recent advances to update enzyme discoveries
optimize biomanufacturing strategies
and develop synthetic biology approaches for plant-derived saponins.
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