植物源疫苗研究进展

宋心雨; 潘炜松; 吴泰茹; 潘家豪; 吴川; 李伟展

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-029

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植物源疫苗研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-09-05

- 植物源疫苗研究进展
- Research progress in plant-derived vaccines
- 合成生物学 2025年6卷第4期页码：846-872
- 作者机构：
  
  1.湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院，湖南长沙 410125
  2.湖南诺合新生物科技有限公司，湖南长沙 410001
  3.中南大学冶金与环境学院，湖南长沙 410083
  4.香港教育大学科学及环境学系，香港 999077
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "宋心雨（2001—），女，硕士研究生。研究方向为水稻生物反应器遗传转化。E-mail：2171613731@qq.com" ]
  [ "潘炜松（1981—），男，副教授，硕士生导师。研究方向主要集中于分子农业领域，包括创制具有人源化翻译后修饰系统的植物反应器，开发合成生物学相关的生物技术工具，利用遗传工程与合成生物学手段开发创新型植物产品，在环境-生物学交叉学科领域，综合运用分子生物学、反向遗传学、细胞力学等技术手段研究水稻重金属砷的吸收、转运与调控机理。 E-mail：497609872@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(31670955)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-029
  中图分类号： Q812
- 收稿：2025-03-26，
  
  修回：2025-06-09，
  
  纸质出版：2025-08-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
宋心雨，潘炜松，吴泰茹，潘家豪，吴川，李伟展. 植物源疫苗研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（4）： 846-872

SONG Xinyu， PAN Weisong， WU Tairu， PAN Jiahao， WU Chuan， LI Waichin. Research progress in plant-derived vaccines［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（4）： 846-872
宋心雨，潘炜松，吴泰茹，潘家豪，吴川，李伟展. 植物源疫苗研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（4）： 846-872 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-029.

SONG Xinyu， PAN Weisong， WU Tairu， PAN Jiahao， WU Chuan， LI Waichin. Research progress in plant-derived vaccines［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（4）： 846-872 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-029.

摘要

在当今全球公共卫生领域，疫苗作为预防和控制传染病的关键手段，其研发和生产技术的创新备受瞩目。植物源疫苗作为一种新兴的疫苗生产技术，凭借其独特的优势逐渐崭露头角。与传统疫苗生产方式相比，植物源疫苗具有显著优势，在分子生物学技术的加持下，能够在较短时间内实现大规模生产，有效应对传染病的大规模爆发。本文首先介绍了植物源疫苗的基本概念，阐述了植物源疫苗的发展历程，同时对植物源疫苗的不同分类方法进行了系统梳理，此外还探讨了植物源疫苗的表达平台和表达体系，比较了不同平台和体系如稳定表达和瞬时表达体系的优缺点，总结了提高疫苗效力和安全性的策略和优化方法，系统探讨了国内外植物源疫苗的开发进展。植物源疫苗作为一种具有巨大潜力的新兴疫苗技术，有望在未来的公共卫生事业中发挥更加重要的作用。

Abstract

Plant-derived vaccines represent an innovative vaccine production technology that employs plants as bioreactors to express specific antigenic proteins within the plant system. This technology has demonstrated tremendous potential and application prospects in the field of vaccines in recent years. Compared to traditional vaccine production methods

plant-derived vaccines offer distinct advantages in cost control

scalability

and safety. Firstly

the production cost of plant-derived vaccines is relatively low. This is due to the short growth cycle of plants

their strong reproductive capacity

and the lack of need for complex bioreactors or expensive culture media. This makes the large-scale production of vaccines more economical and efficient. Secondly

plant-derived vaccines are easy to scale up. Due to the renewable nature and rapid growth characteristics of plants

they can quickly respond to large-scale vaccine demands

which is particularly important in dealing with public health emergencies. In addition

there is no risk of contamination in the production process of plant-derived vaccines that is typically associated with traditional vaccine production. Plant cells possess inherent biosafety

which can effectively avoid contamination from animal-derived pathogens and endotoxins

thus ensuring the safety of the vaccine. Plants can perform post-translational modifications on foreign proteins

a characteristic that is conducive to the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are non-infectious particles that structurally resemble viruses; they can mimic the immunogenicity of viruses

stimulating the body to produce an immune response. However

they lack the ability to replicate

which makes them safer . This article first introduces the basic concept of plant-derived vaccines by using plants as vectors to express antigenic proteins. Then

the article emphasizes the important role of plant-derived vaccines in the field of global public health and epidemic prevention

especially in providing rapid

economical

and safe vaccines. The article then details the development history of plant-derived vaccines

from early exploration to modern commercial applications. At the same time

the article provides a comprehensive description of the different classifications

expression platforms

and expression systems of plant-derived vaccines

covering various technological pathways from genetically engineered plants to plant viral expression vectors. The analysis focused on how vaccine optimization and application enhance the expression and immunogenicity of antigenic proteins through gene editing and protein engineering

as well as how to improve the efficacy and stability of vaccines by optimizing their formulation and adjuvants. Furthermore

current cases of developed plant-derived vaccines were analyzed

especially their application advantages in addressing human and animal diseases. These cases demonstrate the potential of plant-derived vaccines in rapidly responding to epidemics

reducing costs

and improving accessibility. Finally

the article discusses and summarizes the development progress of plant-derived vaccines domestically and internationally

providing references and insights for the research and application of plant-derived vaccines in our country. Through these analyses

the article aims to promote the development of plant-derived vaccine technology and contribute to global public health security.

关键词

Keywords

references

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