合成生物学视角下的基因功能探索与酵母工程菌株文库构建

章益蜻; 刘高雯

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-079

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合成生物学视角下的基因功能探索与酵母工程菌株文库构建

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-07-07

- 合成生物学视角下的基因功能探索与酵母工程菌株文库构建
- Exploration of gene functions and library construction for engineering strains from a synthetic biology perspective
- 合成生物学 2025年6卷第3期页码：685-700
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院，深圳合成生物学创新研究院，深圳合成基因组学重点实验室，广东省合成基因组学重点实验室，定量合成生物学重点实验室，广东深圳 518055
  2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "章益蜻（2001—），女，硕士研究生。研究方向为合成生物学与系统基因组学。E-mail：yq.zhang3@siat.ac.cn" ]
  [ "刘高雯（1987—），女，副研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为酵母系统基因组学与适应性进化。E-mail：gaowen.liu@siat.ac.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  广东省合成基因组学重点实验室资助项目(2023B1212060054);深圳合成基因组学重点实验室资助项目(ZDSYS201802061806209)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-079
  中图分类号： Q812
- 收稿：2024-11-11，
  
  修回：2025-02-20，
  
  纸质出版：2025-06-30
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
章益蜻，刘高雯. 合成生物学视角下的基因功能探索与酵母工程菌株文库构建［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（3）： 685-700

ZHANG Yiqing， LIU Gaowen. Exploration of gene functions and library construction for engineering strains from a synthetic biology perspective［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（3）： 685-700
章益蜻，刘高雯. 合成生物学视角下的基因功能探索与酵母工程菌株文库构建［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（3）： 685-700 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-079.

ZHANG Yiqing， LIU Gaowen. Exploration of gene functions and library construction for engineering strains from a synthetic biology perspective［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（3）： 685-700 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-079.

摘要

合成生物学作为一门通过设计、构建和改造生物系统来实现其特定功能的学科，被广泛应用于生物制造、环境保护和药物合成等领域。基因功能的系统性探索和工程菌株文库的构建是推动合成生物学发展的重要手段。本文重点介绍了不同酵母文库在合成生物学中的构建方法及其应用前景。随着基因组测序和高通量技术的快速进展，酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母等微生物文库在系统性研究中发挥了关键作用。基因缺失文库、过表达文库、转座子插入文库等多种类型的酵母文库为基因组合优化和代谢路径设计提供了重要工具，促进了代谢工程和合成生物学的创新应用。这些文库在工业生产中支持高产菌株的构建，如用于生物燃料和化学品的高效生产；在环境领域，通过基因改造筛选，生成具备污染物降解能力的菌株，为生态修复提供解决方案；在药物合成方面，文库帮助构建高效合成药用化合物的菌株，推动生物制药的发展。然而，当前文库构建和应用仍面临诸如构建成本、基因组编辑的精确度及筛选效率等技术瓶颈。未来，自动化、数字化和新型筛选技术的进步有望突破这些瓶颈，推动酵母文库的快速构建和高效筛选，从而加速合成生物学在可持续发展和生态工程中的应用。

Abstract

Synthetic biology

as a discipline that designs

constructs

and modifies biological systems to achieve specific functions

is widely applied in biomanufacturing

the biodegradation of environmental pollutants

and drug synthesis. Systematic exploration of gene functions and construction of libraries for engineered strains are driving forces of the development of synthetic biology. These libraries serve as foundational tools for understanding complex biological processes and engineering microorganisms for potential applications. This review focuses on the construction methods and application prospects of various yeast libraries in synthetic biology. With the rapid advancement of genome sequencing and high-throughput screening technologies

microbial libraries

such as those of

Saccharomyces

cerevisiae

and

Schizosaccharomyces

pombe

play a pivotal role in systematic research. Yeast libraries

including gene knockout libraries

overexpression libraries

and transposon insertion libraries

provide valuable tools for optimizing gene combinations and designing metabolic pathways

thus promoting applications in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. These libraries facilitate the development of robust industrial strains

driving improvements in biofuel production

emical synthesis

and other biotechnological processes. In the environmental field

the screening of modified genes generates strains with pollutant degradation capabilities

contributing to ecological restoration. In drug synthesis

these libraries aid in constructing strains for the efficient production of pharmaceutical compounds

advancing the development of biopharmaceuticals. Despite these successes

there remain challenges in library construction and application

such as the high cost of library generation

difficulty in precise genome editing

and limitation in screening efficiency. In the future

advances in automation

digitization

and novel screening technologies are expected to overcome these barriers

facilitating the rapid construction and efficient screening of yeast libraries. No doubt

synthetic biology holds immense promise

with improvements in library construction and screening processes expected to accelerate the development of sustainable solutions in industrial production

environmental protection

and healthcare

thereby driving innovations in biotechnology.

关键词

Keywords

references

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