人类世中对合成生物学的哲学反思

唐兴华; 陆钱能; 胡翌霖

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-039

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

人类世中对合成生物学的哲学反思

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-06-20

- 人类世中对合成生物学的哲学反思
- Philosophical reflections on synthetic biology in the Anthropocene
- 合成生物学 2025年6卷第1期页码：203-212
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国地质大学（北京）马克思主义学院，北京 100083
  2.电子科技大学马克思主义学院，四川成都 611731
  3.清华大学科学史系，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "唐兴华（1992—），女，讲师。研究方向为技术哲学、科学技术与社会。E-mail：1179225867@qq.com" ]
  [ "胡翌霖（1985—），男，副教授。研究方向为技术哲学、技术史。E-mail：hyl510@gmail.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”专项“合成生物学伦理、政策法规框架研究”(2018YFA0902400)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-039
  中图分类号： Q81
- 收稿：2024-04-28，
  
  修回：2024-09-23，
  
  纸质出版：2025-01-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
唐兴华，陆钱能，胡翌霖. 人类世中对合成生物学的哲学反思［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（1）： 203-212

TANG Xinghua， LU Qianneng， HU Yilin. Philosophical reflections on synthetic biology in the Anthropocene［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（1）： 203-212
唐兴华，陆钱能，胡翌霖. 人类世中对合成生物学的哲学反思［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（1）： 203-212 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-039.

TANG Xinghua， LU Qianneng， HU Yilin. Philosophical reflections on synthetic biology in the Anthropocene［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（1）： 203-212 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-039.

摘要

合成生物学作为21世纪改变生命领域的科学，其所具有的跨学科性、打破人工与自然的界限、强调人的作用和技术对我们生存方式的塑造等，是我们所处的人类世所面临的共同挑战。首先，作为顺应人类世呼声的合成生物学，打破自然与人工界限，实现二者融合，在更深层的“生命”领域体现了技术对我们的塑造。其次，合成生命打破传统意义上的学科划分，成为不同学科的研究对象，促使多学科交叉和融合，而合成生命具有的开放性和合成生物学发展的生成性，则决定了合成生物学面向未来的特性，改变了人类世中技术研究的方向。最后，技术哲学所关注的“大问题”和“小问题”在合成生物学这里实现了统一。合成生物学既有“大问题”也有“小问题”，对合成生物学的研究既要关注一般性的大问题，又要关注其产生的具体的小问题。总之，合成生物学作为人类世中的技术形态，对其涵义和特征进行哲学反思，有助于从新的理论范式下理解合成生物学。

Abstract

Synthetic biology

as a science transforming life science in the 21st century

is interdisciplinary in nature

breaking boundaries

emphasizing human roles

and shaping our way of living through technology

presenting common challenges in the Anthropocene era we live in. As a technology of the Anthropocene

synthetic biology blurs the line between nature and artificiality

merging the two and demonstrating the profound impact of technology on life itself. Synthetic life not only obscures the boundary between nature and artificiality but also transcends traditional disciplinary divisions

becoming a research object across various fields

thereby promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and integration. In this process

the openness of synthetic life and the generative nature of synthetic biology determine its future-oriented characteristics

altering the direction of technological research in the Anthropocene. Finally

the “big questions” and “small questions” that the philosophy of technology concerns about are unified in synthetic biology. Synthetic biology encompasses both general issues and its specific developments and applications. In summary

philosophical reflections on synthetic biology as a technological platform in the Anthropocene contribute to a deeper understanding of synthetic biology within a new theoretical framework.

关键词

Keywords

references

CRUTZEN P J , STOERMER E F . The “Anthropocene” [J ] . IGBP Newsletter , 2000 ( 41 ): 17 - 18 .

VALTONEN A , RANTALA O . Introduction: reimagining ways of talking about the Anthropocene [M/OL ] // VALTONEN A, RANTALA O, FARAH P D. Ethics and politics of space for the Anthropocene . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing , 2020 : 1 - 15 [2024-04-01] . https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/edcoll/9781839108693/9781839108693.xml https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/edcoll/9781839108693/9781839108693.xml .

CERA A , CENTER P D . The technocene or technology as (neo)environment [J ] . Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology , 2017 , 21 ( 2/3 ): 243 - 281 .

雷瑞鹏 , 冀朋 . 合成生物学的知识伦理问题初探 [J ] . 自然辩证法通讯 , 2019 , 41 ( 2 ): 101 - 107 .

LEI R P , JI P . A preliminary research on the problem of the ethics of knowledge of synthetic biology [J ] . Journal of Dialectics of Nature , 2019 , 41 ( 2 ): 101 - 107 .

中国学科及前沿领域发展战略研究( 2021 — 2035)项目组. 合成生物学2035发展战略 [M ] . 北京 : 科学出版社 , 2023 : 1 .

China Discipline and Frontier Field Development Strategy Research ( 2021 — 2035 ) Project Group. Synthetic biology development strategy 2035 [M ] . Beijing : Science Press , 2023 : 1 .

冀朋 . 合成生物学的哲学基础问题研究 [D ] . 武汉 : 华中科技大学 , 2021 : 139 .

JI P . Research on the philosophical foundations of synthetic biology [D ] . Wuhan : Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 2021 : 139 .

亚里士多德 . 物理学 [M ] . 张竹明, 译. 北京 : 商务印书馆 , 1982 : 43 .

Aristotle . Physics [M ] . Translated by ZHANG Z M. Beijing : The Commercial Press , 1982 : 43 .

HOŁY-ŁUCZAJ M , BLOK V . How to deal with hybrids in the anthropocene? Towards a philosophy of technology and environmental philosophy 2.0 [J ] . Environmental Values , 2019 , 28 ( 3 ): 325 - 345 .

FLEISS A , SARKISYAN K S . A brief review of bioluminescent systems (2019) [J ] . Current Genetics , 2019 , 65 ( 4 ): 877 - 882 .

BOURZAC K . Glow way! Bioluminescent houseplant hits US market for first time [J ] . Nature , 2024 , 626 ( 8000 ): 701 .

詹尼佛·A.杜德娜 , 塞缪尔·H.斯坦伯格 . 破天机基因编辑及其控制演化的惊人力量 [M ] . 傅贺译, 袁端端校. 长沙 : 湖南科学技术出版社 , 2020 : 116 .

DOUDNA J A , STERNBERG S H . A crack in creation: the power of gene editing and the future of controlling evolution [M ] . Translated by FU H, edited by YUAN D D. Changsha : Hunan Science and Technology Press , 2020 : 116 .

HOFFMANN S A , DIGGANS J , DENSMORE D , et al . Safety by design: biosafety and biosecurity in the age of synthetic genomics [J ] . iScience , 2023 , 26 ( 3 ): 106165 .

STIRLING F , BITZAN L , O’KEEFE S , et al . Rational design of evolutionarily stable microbial kill switches [J ] . Molecular Cell , 2017 , 68 ( 4 ): 686 - 697 . e3.

KUMAR P , SINHA R , SHUKLA P . Artificial intelligence and synthetic biology approaches for human gut microbiome [J ] . Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition , 2022 , 62 ( 8 ): 2103 - 2121 .

ZHANG X E , LIU C L , DAI J B , et al . Enabling technology and core theory of synthetic biology [J ] . Science China Life Sciences , 2023 , 66 ( 8 ): 1742 - 1785 .

ROELL M S , ZURBRIGGEN M D . The impact of synthetic biology for future agriculture and nutrition [J ] . Current Opinion in Biotechnology , 2020 , 61 : 102 - 109 .

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations . The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017: building resilience for peace and food security [EB/OL ] . [ 2024-07-26 ] . https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-food-security-and-nutrition-world-2017 https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-food-security-and-nutrition-world-2017 .

National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , and Medicine . Biodefense in the age of synthetic biology [M/OL ] . Washington , D C: The National Academies Press , 2018 : 5 [ 2024-07-26 ] . https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24890/biodefense-in-the-age-of-synthetic-biology https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24890/biodefense-in-the-age-of-synthetic-biology .

雷瑞鹏 , 邱仁宗 . 合成生物学的伦理和治理问题 [J ] . 医学与哲学 , 2019 , 40 ( 19 ): 38 - 43 .

LEI R P , QIU R Z . Ethical and governance issues in synthetic biology [J ] . Medicine & Philosophy , 2019 , 40 ( 19 ): 38 - 43 .

孙周兴 . 人类世的哲学 [M ] . 北京 : 商务印书馆 , 2020 : 69 .

SUN Z X . Philosophy of the Anthropocene [M ] . Beijing : The Commercial Press , 2020 : 69 .

LUO N , ZHAO G P , LIU C L . Quantitative synthetic biology [J ] . Nature Reviews Bioengineering , 2024 , 2 : 911 - 913 .

LEMMENS P , VAN DEN EEDE Y . Rethinking technology in the Anthropocene: guest editors’ introduction [J ] . Foundations of Science , 2022 , 27 ( 1 ): 95 - 105 .

晏雄鹰 , 王振 , 娄吉芸 , 等 . 生物燃料高效生产微生物细胞工厂构建研究进展 [J ] . 合成生物学 , 2023 , 4 ( 6 ): 1082 - 1121 .

YAN X Y , WANG Z , LOU J Y , et al . Progress in the construction of microbial cell factories for efficient biofuel production [J ] . Synthetic Biology Journal , 2023 , 4 ( 6 ): 1082 - 1121 .

HEWETT J P , WOLFE A K , BERGMANN R A , et al . Human health and environmental risks posed by synthetic biology R&D for energy applications [J ] . Applied Biosafety , 2016 , 21 ( 4 ): 177 - 184 .

唐·伊德 . 让事物“说话”: 后现象学与技术科学 [M ] . 韩连庆, 译. 北京 : 北京大学出版社 , 2008 : 28 .

IHDE D . Let things speak: post-phenomenology and technoscience [M ] . Translated by HAN L Q. Beijing : Peking University Press , 2008 : 28 .

菲利普·布瑞 , 闫宏秀 . 经验转向之后的技术哲学 [J ] . 洛阳师范学院学报 , 2013 , 32 ( 4 ): 9 - 17 .

BREY P , YAN H X . Technological philosophy after the empirical turn [J ] . Journal of Luoyang Normal University , 2013 , 32 ( 4 ): 9 - 17 .

雷瑞鹏 . 合成生物学研究和应用的伦理学论证: 对“诉诸自然” 论证的批判 [J ] . 伦理学研究 , 2022 ( 5 ): 111 - 118 .

LEI R P . Ethical arguments about the research and application of synthetic biology: criticism to the argument appealing to nature [J ] . Studies in Ethics , 2022 ( 5 ): 111 - 118 .

GREGORY E K . Engineered microbes in industry and science: a new human relationship to nature? [M/OL ] // GREGORY E K, THOMAS H M. Synthetic biology and morality: artificial life and the bounds of nature . Cambridge : The MIT Press , 2012 : 22 - 42 [2024-04-01] . https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019392.003.0006 https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019392.003.0006 .

LEMMENS P , BLOK V , ZWIER J , et al . Toward a terrestrial turn in philosophy of technology [J ] . Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology , 2017 , 21 ( 2/3 ): 114 - 126 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

合成生物学赋能细胞膜纳米颗粒的精准诊疗

合成生物学策略下的人工血液研究进展

合成生物学在医学诊疗中的应用与伦理治理：技术突破与价值边界

医用聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）的生物合成策略及其在人类健康领域的新进展