CRISPR-Cas系统在病原核酸检测中的研究进展

杜瑶; 高宏丹; 刘家坤; 刘孝荣; 邢志浩; 张涛; 马东礼

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2022-068

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CRISPR-Cas系统在病原核酸检测中的研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- CRISPR-Cas系统在病原核酸检测中的研究进展
- Research progress of the CRISPR-Cas system in the detecting pathogen nucleic acids
- 合成生物学 2024年5卷第1期页码：202-216
- 作者机构：
  
  1.蚌埠医学院检验医学院，安徽蚌埠 233030
  2.深圳市儿童医院儿科研究所，广东深圳 518034
  3.中国科学院深圳先进技术研究所深圳合成生物研究所，广东深圳 518055
  4.深圳市海微生物科技有限公司，广东深圳 518057
  5.蚌埠医学院病原生物学教研室，安徽蚌埠 233030
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "杜瑶（1999—），女，硕士研究生。研究方向为病原生物学及分子生物学。 E-mail：dy852578@163.com" ]
  [ "马东礼（1967—），男，硕士生导师，主任技师。研究方向为病原微生物致病机制及基因精准诊断。 E-mail：madl1234@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  广东省高水平医院项目(SEY-GSP-YXPT-A02);深圳市发展和改革委员会赠款（2019）986
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-068
  中图分类号： R446.5
- 收稿：2022-11-26，
  
  修回：2023-02-15，
  
  纸质出版：2024-02-29
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杜瑶，高宏丹，刘家坤，刘孝荣，邢志浩，张涛，马东礼. CRISPR-Cas系统在病原核酸检测中的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（1）： 202-216

DU Yao， GAO Hongdan， LIU Jiakun， LIU Xiaorong， XING Zhihao， ZHANG Tao， MA Dongli. Research progress of the CRISPR-Cas system in the detecting pathogen nucleic acids［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（1）： 202-216
杜瑶，高宏丹，刘家坤，刘孝荣，邢志浩，张涛，马东礼. CRISPR-Cas系统在病原核酸检测中的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（1）： 202-216 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-068.

DU Yao， GAO Hongdan， LIU Jiakun， LIU Xiaorong， XING Zhihao， ZHANG Tao， MA Dongli. Research progress of the CRISPR-Cas system in the detecting pathogen nucleic acids［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（1）： 202-216 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-068.

摘要

CRISPR-Cas系统作为原核生物获得性免疫系统，由簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats， CRISPR）和CRISPR相关蛋白（CRISPR-associated proteins， Cas）构成，因其识别和切割特定DNA或RNA序列，而成为分子诊断领域研究的热点。研究人员利用Cas蛋白（Cas12、Cas13、Cas14、Cas3等）结合信号放大和转化技术（荧光法、电位法、比色法、侧向流动技术等），开发了许多高灵敏度、高特异性、低成本的诊断平台，为病原核酸检测提供了新途径。本文介绍了CRISPR-Cas系统的生物学机制及分类，总结现有的基于Cas蛋白反式切割活性开发的病原核酸检测技术，描述其特点、功能和应用场景，并对该系统的未来应用前景进行展望，期望CRISPR-Cas系统成为包括核酸检测在内的多靶标的理想检测平台。

Abstract

The CRISPR-Cas system consists of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins

which has become the focus of molecular diagnosis because it recognizes and cleaves specific DNA or RNA sequences. Using Cas proteins (Cas12

Cas13

Cas14

Cas3

etc.) combined with signal amplification and transformation techniques (fluorescence

potentiometric

colorimetric

lateral flow assay

etc.)

researchers have developed many diagnostic platforms with high sensitivity

good specificity

and low cost

which provide a new tool for detecting pathogen nucleic acids. This review presents the biological mechanism and classification of the CRISPR-Cas system

and also summarizes existing technologies for detecting pathogenic nucleic acids based on the trans-cleavage activity of Cas proteins

commenting their properties

functions and application scenarios

with future applications prospected based on the functional characteristics of the CRISPR-Cas system

which is expected to become an ideal detection platform for other multiple targets.

关键词

Keywords

references

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