复旦大学基础医学院,上海 200032
[ "申赵铃(1999—),女,博士研究生。研究方向为病原微生物的防治新策略与跨脑药物的研发。E-mail:22111010074@m.fudan.edu.cn" ]
[ "应天雷(1984—),男,博士,教授。研究方向为合成免疫学。E-mail:tlying@fudan.edu.cn" ]
收稿:2022-11-21,
修回:2022-12-29,
纸质出版:2023-04-30
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申赵铃, 吴艳玲, 应天雷. 合成生物学与病毒疫苗研发[J]. 合成生物学, 2023, 4(2): 333-346
SHEN Zhaoling, WU Yanling, YING Tianlei. Synthetic biology and viral vaccine development[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2023, 4(2): 333-346
申赵铃, 吴艳玲, 应天雷. 合成生物学与病毒疫苗研发[J]. 合成生物学, 2023, 4(2): 333-346 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-064.
SHEN Zhaoling, WU Yanling, YING Tianlei. Synthetic biology and viral vaccine development[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2023, 4(2): 333-346 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-064.
病毒所致的传染性疾病严重危害公共卫生安全,给全球人类健康与经济发展带来了巨大的威胁。疫苗是防治传染性疾病传播的一个关键且有效的手段,包括全病毒疫苗、亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗等。然而,现有的疫苗开发策略面临研发周期、有效性、安全性等系列问题,是当今应对新发传染病的难点和痛点。利用合成生物学技术,比如密码子优化技术、可基因编码点击化学技术、生物偶联技术等,可以克服以上问题,在短时间内研发出安全且高效的病毒合成疫苗,因此合成生物学技术在病毒合成疫苗研发中的应用越来越广泛。本文总结了传统病毒疫苗的现状与应用,进而阐述了合成生物学技术在病毒疫苗研发中的应用与优势,并提出了病毒合成疫苗将要面临的挑战,为设计下一代新型病毒疫苗提供思路和方法。
Infectious diseases caused by viruses seriously endanger public health
and thus pose a great impact on socioeconomic development. Vaccine development is a critical and effective strategy for preventing the spread of infectious diseases to control them effectively. Generally
viral vaccines can be divided into various categories
such as whole virus vaccines (
e.g
. inactivated virus vaccines
split inactivated vaccines
and live attenuated vaccines)
nucleic acid vaccines (DNA and RNA vaccines)
recombinant subunits vaccines
and viral vector-based vaccines. However
strategies for developing viral vaccines still face some challenges
such as time-consuming
limited efficacy
and safety concern
which hinder their development
especially for fighting emerging infectious diseases timely. With the rapid development of synthetic biology
novel vaccines
named as synthetic vaccines
including genomic codon-optimized vaccines
nucleic acid vaccines
viral vector vaccines
virus-particle-like vaccines
and cell-based vaccines
have been designed
which can elicit immune protection more effectively. Synthetic biology technologies
such as codon optimization/deoptimization
genetically encoded click chemistry
and bioconjugation
can overcome weaknesses of traditional vaccines
and in the meantime facilitate the development of safe a
nd efficient virus synthetic vaccines
which have been extensively explored. In this review
we summarize the current status of traditional vaccines
and also address the potential applications and advantages of synthetic biology technologies in the development of viral vaccines. At the end
we highlight the challenges of synthetic vaccines
which may provide insights and guidances for their design.
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