合成生物学在疾病诊疗中的应用

吴晓昊; 廖荣东; 李飞云; 欧阳中天; 冉怡; 公维远; 曲明灏; 陈明珏; 林荔军; 肖国芝

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2022-059

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合成生物学在疾病诊疗中的应用

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- 合成生物学在疾病诊疗中的应用
- Applications of synthetic biology in disease diagnosis and treatment
- 合成生物学 2023年4卷第2期页码：244-262
- 作者机构：
  
  1.南方科技大学医学院，广东深圳 518055
  2.南方医科大学珠江医院关节骨病外科，广东广州 510280
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "吴晓昊（1991—），男，博士研究生。研究方向为骨关节稳态和疾病发生的分子机制。E-mail：wxho0606@163.com" ]
  [ "廖荣东（1996—），男，博士研究生。研究方向为骨科疾病的发病机制。E-mail：lrdyxs12138@163.com" ]
  [ "林荔军（1976—），男，博士，主任医师，博士生导师。主要从事合成生物学与骨科疾病诊治领域方面的研究，利用合成生物学方法构建新型材料用于骨关节炎、骨折不愈合等骨科多发疾病的治疗，研究方向为骨关节炎发病分子机制研究、骨肉瘤侵袭和转移的分子机制研究、骨组织3D打印和生物力学研究学。E-mail：gost1@smu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "肖国芝（1963—），男，教授，乌克兰国家工程院外籍院士。主要研究方向是骨骼发育和疾病的相关分子基础。E-mail：xiaogz@sustech.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0906004);国家自然科学基金(82230081;82250710175;82172375;81991513;81630066;81870532)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-059
  中图分类号： Q81;R318
- 收稿：2022-10-31，
  
  修回：2023-02-01，
  
  纸质出版：2023-04-30
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吴晓昊，廖荣东，李飞云，欧阳中天，冉怡，公维远，曲明灏，陈明珏，林荔军，肖国芝. 合成生物学在疾病诊疗中的应用［J］. 合成生物学， 2023， 4（2）： 244-262

WU Xiaohao， LIAO Rongdong， LI Feiyun， OUYANG Zhongtian， RAN Yi， GONG Weiyuan， QU Minghao， CHEN Mingjue， LIN Lijun， XIAO Guozhi. Applications of synthetic biology in disease diagnosis and treatment［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2023， 4（2）： 244-262
吴晓昊，廖荣东，李飞云，欧阳中天，冉怡，公维远，曲明灏，陈明珏，林荔军，肖国芝. 合成生物学在疾病诊疗中的应用［J］. 合成生物学， 2023， 4（2）： 244-262 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-059.

WU Xiaohao， LIAO Rongdong， LI Feiyun， OUYANG Zhongtian， RAN Yi， GONG Weiyuan， QU Minghao， CHEN Mingjue， LIN Lijun， XIAO Guozhi. Applications of synthetic biology in disease diagnosis and treatment［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2023， 4（2）： 244-262 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-059.

摘要

合成生物学是一门新兴学科。从广义上讲，合成生物学是通过将基因工程、系统生物学、计算机工程等多学科作为工具，根据特定需求进行设计，乃至重新合成生物体系。近20年来，合成生物学领域的相关研究不断取得突破，并已在针对人类疾病的诊断、临床治疗、药物研发等诸多方面获得重要应用。合成生物学不仅为疾病的早期、精确诊断提供新的思路和技术手段，还发展出多种新型的疾病治疗手段，包括基于合成生物学原理设计的细胞疗法、细菌疗法、疫苗、生物医学材料等。利用合成生物学方法，我们可以精确诊断早期疾病、精准改造细胞或细菌、进行疾病机制研究和药物筛选、快速生产新型疫苗和生物医学材料。基于合成生物学的疾病诊疗方法将是科研领域重要的发展方向之一，并将在未来彻底改变临床疾病的诊疗方式。本文综述合成生物学原理和技术在疾病诊断和治疗中的应用，并进一步探讨合成生物学在疫苗生产、生物医学材料、新药研发等方面的应用。

Abstract

Synthetic biology (SB) is an emerging discipline

which utilizes genetic engineering

systems biology

computer science

and other disciplines as tools to design

and even re-synthesize biological systems for specific needs. In the past 20 years

milestone breakthroughs in SB have been achieved and applied in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases

particularly in the discovery of new drugs. SB not only provides new ideas and technical tools for the early and accurate diagnosis of diseases

but also develops a variety of new approaches for treating diseases

including cell therapy

bacteriotherapy

vaccines

and biomedical materials. Using SB-based methods

we can precisely diagnose diseases at an early stage

specifically engineer cells or bacteria

conduct mechanistic studies and drug screening

and rapidly produce vaccines and biomedical materials. SB with the "design-build-test" cycle greatly facilitates the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Moreover

SB applies engineering principles (modularity

composability

abstraction

and standardization) to redefine biological systems in a more modular and composable way. Through this framework

the basic units of the biological system are fully characterized as standardized motifs (DNA sequences or gene-encoded products)

and these motifs are mixed and matched to construct a fully functional genetic apparatus. By utilizing recently developed gene editing tools

such as the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) technology

SB can integrate programmed devices into a chassis (

e.g

bacteria and yeast)

create new systems capable of producing target biomolecules or behaviors

and precisely manipulate the genome of cells and individuals to repair genetic defects. SB-based disease diagnosis and treatment will be one of the important development directions in the field of scientific research to completely change the way of diagnosis and clinical treatment of diseases in the future. This article reviews the applications of SB-based technologies in disease diagnosis and treatment

as well as in the production of vaccines and biomedical materials

as well as in new drug development.

关键词

Keywords

references

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