面向碳达峰与碳中和的植物合成生物学
Plant synthetic biology for carbon peak and carbon neutrality
- 合成生物学 2022年3卷第5期 页码：847-869
- 作者机构：
1.中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心，上海植物生理生态研究所，植物分子遗传国家重点实验室，上海 200032
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
- 作者简介：
[ "杨健钊（1997—），男，博士研究生。主要研究方向为光合作用合成生物学与系统生物学。 E-mail：yangjianzhao@cemps.ac.cn" ]
[ "朱新广（1974—），男，研究员，博士生导师。长期开展多尺度光合系统模型创建、数字植物模型创建、高光效元件库创建、光合表型组学平台研发、碳汇植物创制、农林碳汇系统创制等领域的研究。 E-mail：zhuxg@cemps.ac.cn" ]
- 基金信息：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0900600;2019YFA09004600;2020YFA0907600);国家自然科学基金(31870214);中科院战略性先导项目(XDB27020105)
DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-034
中图分类号： Q94收稿：2022-06-11，
修回：2022-08-26，
纸质出版：2022-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨健钊， 朱新广. 面向碳达峰与碳中和的植物合成生物学［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 847-869
YANG Jianzhao， ZHU Xinguang. Plant synthetic biology for carbon peak and carbon neutrality［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 847-869
杨健钊， 朱新广. 面向碳达峰与碳中和的植物合成生物学［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 847-869 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-034.
YANG Jianzhao， ZHU Xinguang. Plant synthetic biology for carbon peak and carbon neutrality［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 847-869 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-034.
摘要
合成生物学是一门包括生物学、数学、物理学、化学、工程及信息科学等多学科交叉的前沿学科。历经多年发展，目前在细菌、酵母等微生物和哺乳动物细胞底盘中已初步形成了完备的定量化研究体系，然而植物合成生物学依然处于起步阶段。植物合成生物学可在挖掘植物次生代谢天然产物、生产分子农业制品、提升光合作用光能利用效率、创制碳汇植物和建立植物工厂系统等方面发挥作用。特别是在当前面向碳达峰与碳中和过程中，植物合成生物学可以参与解决人类活动所面临的粮食短缺、能源危机及环境污染等问题。不同植物底盘中也在逐步建成和完善标准化的元件体系、基因线路设计以及定向进化等合成生物学技术。本文回顾了近年来植物合成生物学的主要研究进展，详述了植物合成生物学在“双碳”目标中的应用领域，包含植物天然产物合成与次生代谢、分子农业、光合作用、碳汇植物的创制、植物工厂等。提出了植物基因文件标准化、植物基因线路设计、植物基因编辑和定向进化等助力“双碳”目标的植物合成生物学技术，并展望和探讨了在实现“双碳”目标过程中植物合成生物学的重要作用和发展前景。
Abstract
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary research field
for which complete quantitative research systems have been established in bacteria
yeast
and mammalian cells. However
synthetic biology in plants is still at its infancy. Plant synthetic biology can play important roles in synthesizing plant natural products
developing molecular farming
improving photosynthesis to increase light energy utilization efficiency
designing carbon farming plants
and building plant factories. In the current efforts in creating a carbon neutral society
plant synthetic biology can help to address challenges of food shortage
energy crisis
and environmental pollution. Specifically
innovative methods can be developed to reduce the emission of CO
2
and pollutants through plant production of high value products
whose industrial production is mostly associated with high CO
2
emission. Moreover
plant synthetic biology can be used to optimize plant production through minimizing carbon emissions and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Furthermore
plants specialized in carbon capturing
such as high photosynthetic efficiency
large root systems
and high resistance to degradation
should be developed as well. Various options for increased photosynthetic efficiency
such as optimizing the antenna size of photosystem
converting C
3
to C
4
photosynthesis
introducing CO
2
concentrating mechanisms
and establishing the photorespiration bypasses into C
3
crops
hol
ds the potential to dramatically increase the carbon capturing capacity for improved productivity. In the future
in addition to crops
trees and algae can also be engineered to become efficient carbon sinks. Photosynthetic algae are expected to become a source of clean energy and industrial production system with zero or negative carbon emissions. In the long term
a complete plant factory system
which has optimal control of light
temperature
CO
2
water
and nutrient
will be developed to achieve optimal plant growth and production while maintaining maximal carbon capturing capacity. Finally
artificial photosynthesis also promises to be an ideal solution as an energy production system. These aspects will be facilitated by the rapid development of plant synthetic biology tools
including biological part standardization
genetic circuits design
and directed evolution. This paper summarizes the major progresses of plant synthetic biology and prospects the major roles of plant synthetic biology in the future efforts in carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality.
2
关键词
Keywords
references
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