无细胞多酶分子机器赋能二氧化碳的高值利用及其挑战

刘建明; 曾安平

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2022-033

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无细胞多酶分子机器赋能二氧化碳的高值利用及其挑战

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- 无细胞多酶分子机器赋能二氧化碳的高值利用及其挑战
- Cell-free multi-enzyme machines for CO₂ capture, utilization and its associated challenges
- 合成生物学 2022年3卷第5期页码：825-832
- 作者机构：
  
  西湖大学合成生物学与生物智造中心，浙江　杭州　310030
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘建明（1985—），男，博士，副研究员。研究方向为食品合成生物学，生物制造，代谢工程等。E-mail：liujianming@westlake.edu.cn" ]
  [ "曾安平（1963—），男，讲席教授，博士生导师，德国工程院院士，西湖大学合成生物学与生物智造中心创始主任。研究方向为生物化工、合成生物学、新型软物质功能材料等。E-mail：zenganping@westlake.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-033
  中图分类号： Q816
- 收稿：2022-06-09，
  
  修回：2022-08-11，
  
  纸质出版：2022-10-31
- 稿件说明：
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刘建明，曾安平. 无细胞多酶分子机器赋能二氧化碳的高值利用及其挑战［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 825-832

LIU Jianming， ZENG Anping. Cell-free multi-enzyme machines for CO₂ capture， utilization and its associated challenges［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 825-832
刘建明，曾安平. 无细胞多酶分子机器赋能二氧化碳的高值利用及其挑战［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 825-832 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-033.

LIU Jianming， ZENG Anping. Cell-free multi-enzyme machines for CO₂ capture， utilization and its associated challenges［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 825-832 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-033.

摘要

二氧化碳等温室气体排放导致的全球气候变暖及相应的气候灾难日益严重，开发高效二氧化碳捕获和利用技术迫在眉睫。利用生物制造技术固定二氧化碳是合成生物学工程科学的一个重要攻关方向，其中挖掘和组装无细胞多酶分子机器赋能二氧化碳高值利用，由于背景清晰、调控相对简单、副反应少和产率高等优点，受到越来越多的关注。近期，James C. Liao教授团队人工设计和开发了新型的多酶复合分子机器，建立了用于二氧化碳固定的闭合循环反应-还原型乙醛酸-丙酮酸合成路径（reductive glyoxylate-pyruvate synthesis cycle），可以理论上实现2分子二氧化碳（碳酸氢盐）到1分子乙醛酸的合成反应，并设计和尝试了反应过程中监控辅因子浓度以提高酶稳定性的策略。本文基于设计和组装体外多酶分子机器，聚焦辅因子工程以及利用多酶分子机器固定二氧化碳所面临的挑战等角度讨论这篇工作并简述作者的相关思考。

Abstract

Global warming

mainly caused by the emission of carbo

n dioxide

is becoming a serious problem

and it is urgent to develop efficient carbon dioxide capture and utilization technologies. The use of biomanufacturing technology to fix carbon dioxide is an important research direction in synthetic biology. The mining and

in vitro

assembly of cell-free multi-enzyme machines have the great potential to facilitate the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value products. The advantages associated with cell-free biosynthesis

such as clear background

relatively simple metabolic regulation

and high-yield production

make it ideal for biomanufacturing. Recently

the team of James C. Liao designed and developed a novel multi-enzyme molecular machine

and established a reductive glyoxylate-pyruvate synthesis cycle

which can theoretically realize the conversion of 2 molecules of carbon dioxide (bicarbonate) to 1 molecule of glyoxylic acid. They also designed and developed a strategy to control the concentration of cofactors during the reaction to improve the enzyme stabilities. In this comment

we discuss this work from the perspectives of

in vitro

multi-enzyme assembly and cofactor engineering

and point to associated challenges of carbon dioxide utilization by multi-enzyme machines.

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