微藻光合作用的优化升级助力“双碳”目标

王松; 吴莎; 江亚男; 胡章立

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2022-031

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微藻光合作用的优化升级助力“双碳”目标

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- 微藻光合作用的优化升级助力“双碳”目标
- Optimization and upgradation of microalgal photosynthesis for carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals
- 合成生物学 2022年3卷第5期页码：915-931
- 作者机构：
  
  1.深圳大学生命与海洋科学学院，广东省海洋藻类工程技术研究中心，广东深圳 518055
  2.深圳大学物理与光电工程学院，广东深圳 518060
  3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州），广东广州 511458
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王松（1989—），男，博士，副研究员。研究方向为微藻生物技术、微藻规模化养殖。 E-mail：wangsong@szu.edu.cn" ]
  [ "胡章立（1964—），男，博士，教授，博士生导师。研究方向为藻类分子生物学、合成生物学。 E-mail：huzl@szu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0902500);深圳市可持续发展专项(KCXFZ20211020164013021)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-031
  中图分类号： Q812
- 收稿：2022-05-26，
  
  修回：2022-08-25，
  
  纸质出版：2022-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王松，吴莎，江亚男，胡章立. 微藻光合作用的优化升级助力“双碳”目标［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 915-931

WANG Song， WU Sha， JIANG Yanan， HU Zhangli. Optimization and upgradation of microalgal photosynthesis for carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 915-931
王松，吴莎，江亚男，胡章立. 微藻光合作用的优化升级助力“双碳”目标［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 915-931 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-031.

WANG Song， WU Sha， JIANG Yanan， HU Zhangli. Optimization and upgradation of microalgal photosynthesis for carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 915-931 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-031.

摘要

约25亿年前蓝藻进化出现了生氧光合作用，逐渐改变了空气组分；如今，为了应对不断增长的温室气体排放和日益严峻的环境问题，在地球生态系统中发挥重要光合固碳功能的微藻再次获得人们的极大关注。微藻拥有陆地高等植物无法比拟的光合作用速率和太阳能转化效率，其光合潜能还远未发挥。本文首先回顾了目前针对微藻光合作用各个阶段以及光合作用相关途径改造的策略和研究进展，并着重分析不同策略中的瓶颈问题。其次，结合高等植物光合作用的改造方法，讨论进一步提升微藻光合能力的可行方案。最后，本文根据合成生物学方法和概念，提出以微藻作为光合固碳底盘生物，通过外源代谢途径的导入和背景代谢网络的改造，设计构建微藻高效固碳工程株的技术流程。可以预见，微藻固碳能力的进一步提升，将有效降低碳排放，为我国固碳目标的实现做出实质性贡献。

Abstract

Cyanobacteria evolved oxygenic photosynthesis approximately 2.5 billion years ago

which has gradually changed the composition of the atmosphere since then. In order to cope with rising greenhouse gas emission and severe environmental pollution

microalgae

important in carbon sequestration

via

photosynthesis in the ecosystem

has attracted growing attention. Although microalgae can outcompete terrestrial higher plants in terms of photosynthetic rate and solar energy conversion efficiency

the potentials of micr

oalgal photosynthesis have not been materialized yet. In this paper

we reviewed the progress in modifications of microalgal photosynthesis and its related pathways. The employed approaches include modifications of light-harvesting antenna

manipulations of the expression levels of the key enzymes in Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle

construction of photorespiratory bypass

as well as the engineering of carbon-concentrating mechanism to increase the photosynthetic efficiency in microalgae. The bottlenecks in the employed approaches have also been discussed. To further improve the photosynthetic capacity of microalgae

it is necessary to screen new components with higher photosynthetic performance from other species

especially the ones adapted to extreme conditions. Transcription factors and microRNAs may also play important roles in regulating photosynthetic efficiency and biomass accumulation of microalgae. While the construction of alternative carbon-fixation pathways and photorespiratory bypass can accelerate carbon fixation

the introduction of synthetic pathways

by which photosynthetic end-products can be consumed at a higher rate

can mitigate the sink limitation on photosynthesis. The development of synthetic biology provides unprecedented opportunities to generate microalgae species with higher energy conversion and carbon fixation rate

more resistance to photodamage but less production of reactive oxygen species. This paper proposes to construct high-efficiency engineering strains for carbon-sequestration by selection of optimal chassis

elucidation of regulatory mechanisms of carbon fixation

introduction of exogenous metabolic pathways and modifications of endogenous metabolic network. It can be expected that the further improvement of the carbon-sequestration ability of microalgae will effectively reduce carbon emissions and make substantial contributions to the achievement of China's goals for carbon sequestration.

关键词

Keywords

references

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