合成生物纳米酶

刘奇奇; 王春玉; 齐天翊; 朱明盛; 黄兴禄

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2022-009

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合成生物纳米酶

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- 合成生物纳米酶
- Synthetic biological nanozyme
- 合成生物学 2022年3卷第2期页码：320-334
- 作者机构：
  
  南开大学生命科学学院，药物化学生物学国家重点实验室，生物活性材料教育部重点实验室，纳米酶联合实验室，天津 300071
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘奇奇（1994—），女，博士研究生。研究方向为纳米生物材料的生物学效应及疾病治疗应用。 E-mail：450137842@qq.com" ]
  [ "黄兴禄（1981—），男，教授，博士生导师。研究方向为合成生物学纳米材料、血管纳米生物学等。 E-mail：huangxinglu@nankai.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(31870999;82072054;91959129);天津合成生物技术创新能力提升行动项目(TSBICIP-KJGG-014-03)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-009
  中图分类号： Q816
- 收稿：2022-01-28，
  
  修回：2022-03-31，
  
  纸质出版：2022-04-30
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘奇奇，王春玉，齐天翊，朱明盛，黄兴禄. 合成生物纳米酶［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（2）： 320-334

LIU Qiqi， WANG Chunyu， QI Tianyi， ZHU Mingsheng， HUANG Xinglu. Synthetic biological nanozyme［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（2）： 320-334
刘奇奇，王春玉，齐天翊，朱明盛，黄兴禄. 合成生物纳米酶［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（2）： 320-334 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-009.

LIU Qiqi， WANG Chunyu， QI Tianyi， ZHU Mingsheng， HUANG Xinglu. Synthetic biological nanozyme［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（2）： 320-334 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-009.

摘要

纳米酶是一类本身蕴含酶学特性的纳米材料，能够在生理条件下催化天然酶的底物及其介导的生化反应，表现出类似的反应动力学和催化机理。自2007年首次发现四氧化三铁纳米颗粒自身具有类过氧化物酶活性以来，成百上千种不同的纳米酶材料相继被开发出来，在生物医学、检测传感、环境工程等领域有着广泛的应用。近年来，以基因编辑或重组为基础的纳米酶材料开始出现。相比较其他纳米酶，这种纳米酶是基于合成生物学相关技术开发而来，在这里将其命名为合成生物纳米酶，其特点是以人为改造或从头设计的蛋白作为骨架，原位生长一些金属纳米颗粒，将蛋白骨架的功能和材料的催化融于一体。本文主要介绍了纳米酶的基本概况，例证了其在生物医学应用上的优势；概述了多种天然蛋白作为骨架制备纳米酶的原理，列举了其中的部分应用；简述了基因改造蛋白骨架方面的研究进展，并重点强调这种蛋白骨架在合成无机纳米颗粒方面的优势；在以上这些进展的基础上，提出了合成生物纳米酶的概念，并阐释了其中的内涵，最后也以基因重组铁蛋白纳米酶为例介绍了目前的一些设计及应用。未来，以合成生物纳米酶为代表的纳米酶，有可能会将计算生物学、结构生物学、蛋白/基因工程及化学等手段融为一体，在模拟酶的设计上更为理性，在赋予功能上更为多样化，并且有望进一步促进合成生物学与纳米生物学的深度融合。

Abstract

Nanozymes are nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like activities

which can convert specific substrates to products and catalyze biochemical reactions as natural enzymes

with the similar reaction dynamics and catalytic mechanisms. Since the discovery of the intrinsic peroxidase activity of Fe

nanoparticles

thousands of nanozymes have been developed

and extensively applied in many fields

such as biomedicine

biosensor/biodetection and bioremediation. Recently

one type of nanozymes based on gene editing or genetic recombination technology was developed. Compared to other nanozymes

this kind of nanozymes was fabricated based on the key techniques of synthetic biology. Herein

we term them as synthetic biological nanozymes. The main characteristic of synthetic biological nanozymes is the utilization of artificially or

de novo

designed protein as scaffolds. Furthermore

the amino acids or domains of the scaffolds with metal ion binding ability can be used for synthesizing metal nanoparticles. This characteristic of synthetic biological nanozymes integrates the function of proteins and the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles together. In this review

we comment

the progress of nanozymes and their advantages in biomedicine applications

and highlight the synthesis principle of natural protein scaffold-based nanozymes and their applications in nanomedicine. We also introduce the gene editing or genetic recombination protein scaffolds for nanomaterials preparation and the superiorities of this kind of scaffolds for inorganic nanoparticles synthesis. Through such an overview

we elaborate the definition of synthetic biological nanozymes

and explain their essential connotation and finally take ferritin-based nanozymes as an example to demonstrate their design and applications. In the future

synthetic biological nanozymes may integrate technological innovations of many fields including computational biology

structural biology

protein engineering

genetic engineering

chemistry

etc.

which would make the design of nanozymes more rational

their functions more diverse

and integration of synthetic biology and nanobiology more profound.

关键词

Keywords

references

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