面向碳中和的微藻适应性实验室进化研究进展

赵权宇

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2021-096

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面向碳中和的微藻适应性实验室进化研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- 面向碳中和的微藻适应性实验室进化研究进展
- Research progress in carbon neutrality oriented adaptive laboratory evolution of microalgae
- 合成生物学 2022年3卷第5期页码：901-914
- 作者机构：
  
  南京工业大学药学院，江苏南京 211816
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵权宇（1974—），男，教授，博士生导师。研究方向为环境生物技术、微藻固碳与废水处理、合成生物学等。 E-mail：zhaoqy@njtech.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22038007;21576278)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2021-096
  中图分类号： Q819
- 收稿：2021-09-30，
  
  修回：2021-11-18，
  
  纸质出版：2022-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵权宇. 面向碳中和的微藻适应性实验室进化研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 901-914

ZHAO Quanyu. Research progress in carbon neutrality oriented adaptive laboratory evolution of microalgae［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 901-914
赵权宇. 面向碳中和的微藻适应性实验室进化研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 901-914 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2021-096.

ZHAO Quanyu. Research progress in carbon neutrality oriented adaptive laboratory evolution of microalgae［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 901-914 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2021-096.

摘要

微藻生物技术是实现碳达峰和碳中和的潜在途径之一。目前，微藻存在固碳效率低、光合转化效率低以及活性组分含量低等关键问题，需要通过合成生物学等生物技术手段构建新的藻株，并依据微藻固碳和代谢的特点，构筑减碳或负碳的新技术路线。适应性实验室进化（ALE）在提高微藻对二氧化碳固定，强化废水处理和改善代谢表型等方面均取得了一定进展，已获得了耐受高浓度二氧化碳和其他环境压力的进化藻株。但是，微藻ALE的效率还有待提高，基于固碳、光合和活性组分生物合成的合成生物学元件挖掘的研究还比较少。为克服以上问题，亟需改变微藻ALE的策略，结合高通量ALE装置的应用，缩短进化时间；在已有进化株的基础上，深入挖掘耐受基因、光合和活性组分生物合成的元件，为微藻基因改造打下基础；借鉴其他微生物ALE的已有经验，深刻理解微藻实验室适应性进化的动态过程，探索ALE的基本规律。最后对ALE应对微藻碳中和挑战的可能途径进行了展望。

Abstract

Microalgae biotechnology is one of the potential ways to realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. At present

microalgae have key problems such as low carbon sequestration efficiency

low photosynthetic transformation efficiency and low content of active components. There are also some technological problems which greatly limit the pace of its industrialization. Most microalgae can not tolerate more than 2% CO

. Apart from 10%～25% CO

there are other pollutants such as NO

and SO

in industrial flue gas. These flue gas components inhibit the growth of microalgae. If the tolerance of algal strains are not enhanced

microalgae can not achieve the goal of stable carbon sequestration. In order to solve the problems of microalgae industrialization

wastewater resources can be used to meet the water demand in microalgae cultivation

and the economy can be improved by growing high value-added products. It is necessary to construct new algae strains by means of biotechnology such as synthetic biology

and build a new technical route of carbon reduction or negative carbon according to the characteristics of microalgae carbon sequestration and metabolism. Adap

tive laboratory evolution (ALE) has made some progress in improving CO

fixation by microalgae

enhancing wastewater treatment and improving metabolic phenotype. Evolved algal strains resistant to high concentration of carbon dioxide and other environmental stresses have been achieved. However

the efficiency of ALE in microalgae needs to be improved

and there are few studies on the mining of synthetic biological elements based on carbon sequestration

photosynthesis and biosynthesis of active components. In order to overcome the above problems

it is urgent to change the strategy of ALE in microalgae

combined with the application of high-throughput ALE device to speed up the evolution process; Based on the existing evolved strains

the elements of tolerance genes

photosynthesis and biosynthesis of active components will be deeply excavated to lay a foundation for microalgae genetic transformation. It is vital for us to learn carefully from the existing experience of ALE in microorganisms

understand throughly the dynamic process of ALE in microalgae

and explore profoundly the basic law of ALE. Finally

the possible ways of laboratory adaptive evolution to meet the challenge of microalgae carbon neutrality are prospected.

关键词

Keywords

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