乳蛋白重组表达与人造奶生物合成：全球专利分析与技术发展趋势

周正富; 庞雨; 张维; 王劲; 燕永亮; 郑迎迎; 陈敏; 廖志华; 林敏

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2021-057

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乳蛋白重组表达与人造奶生物合成：全球专利分析与技术发展趋势

特约评述 | 更新时间：2026-03-18

- 乳蛋白重组表达与人造奶生物合成：全球专利分析与技术发展趋势
- Recombinant expression of milk proteins and biosynthesis of animal-free milk: analysis on related patents and trend for technology development
- 合成生物学 2021年2卷第5期页码：764-777
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，农业部农业基因组学重点实验室，北京 100081
  2.中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所，工业酶国家工程实验室，天津 300308
  3.国家合成生物技术创新中心，天津 300308
  4.西南大学，西南大学-西藏农牧学院药用植物联合研发中心，重庆 400715
- 作者简介：
  
  周正富（1982—），男，博士，副研究员。研究方向为极端微生物功能基因组学与合成生物学。
  林敏（1964—），男，博士，研究员。研究方向为农业微生物功能基因组学与合成生物学。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金重点课题项目(31930004);国家科技重大专项(2019ZX08010-002);天津市合成生物技术创新能力提升行动科技攻关项目(TSBICIP-KJGG-013);中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202009)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2021-057
  中图分类号： Q81
- 收稿：2021-05-07，
  
  修回：2021-07-30，
  
  纸质出版：2021-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
周正富，庞雨，张维，王劲，燕永亮，郑迎迎，陈敏，廖志华，林敏. 乳蛋白重组表达与人造奶生物合成：全球专利分析与技术发展趋势［J］. 合成生物学， 2021， 2（5）： 764-777

ZHOU Zhengfu， PANG Yu， ZHANG Wei， WANG Jin， YAN Yongliang， ZHENG Yingying， CHEN Min， LIAO Zhihua， LIN Min. Recombinant expression of milk proteins and biosynthesis of animal-free milk： analysis on related patents and trend for technology development［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2021， 2（5）： 764-777
周正富，庞雨，张维，王劲，燕永亮，郑迎迎，陈敏，廖志华，林敏. 乳蛋白重组表达与人造奶生物合成：全球专利分析与技术发展趋势［J］. 合成生物学， 2021， 2（5）： 764-777 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2021-057.

ZHOU Zhengfu， PANG Yu， ZHANG Wei， WANG Jin， YAN Yongliang， ZHENG Yingying， CHEN Min， LIAO Zhihua， LIN Min. Recombinant expression of milk proteins and biosynthesis of animal-free milk： analysis on related patents and trend for technology development［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2021， 2（5）： 764-777 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2021-057.

摘要

乳蛋白是天然动物奶的主要成分，具有高营养、易吸收、增强免疫力、抗氧化等多种生物活性。采用基因工程和细胞工厂等技术手段，高效表达天然奶中的各种乳蛋白组分，已成为当前人造奶生物合成的研发热点和技术难点。人造奶作为一个已商业化面向市场并正在改变世界的新兴科技食品，营养风味与天然牛奶相当，但不含乳糖、胆固醇、抗生素和致敏原等不良因子，其生产过程无需养殖动物，可以有效节约资源与能源，是一种颠覆传统养殖业的未来乳制品生产新模式，将引领未来食品产业和细胞农业发展方向。本文系统总结了模式微生物底盘改造、重组乳蛋白高效表达和人造奶制品产业化等相关核心技术的知识产权保护现状，探讨了目前人造奶制品研发面临的瓶颈技术挑战和生物安全评价等热点问题，介绍了乳蛋白组合表达、风味物质添加、致敏原删除和细胞工厂智造等最新发展动态，为人造奶等未来合成食品产业化提供重要的理论与技术参考。目前我国乳蛋白重组表达与人造奶生物合成技术研发力量相对薄弱，研发资金与风险投资不足。为应对日趋激烈的国际竞争，“十四五”期间我国应加大研发投入，着力突破共性关键技术与产品生产工艺，同时加快制定未来合成食品商业化管理法规与产业政策，为促进我国未来养殖业发展和实现农业碳达峰、碳中和目标提供的科技支撑。

Abstract

Milk proteins are the major component in animal milk

which have various biological activities such as easy uptake and digestion

high nutrition

immunity enhancement and antioxidation. The efficient expression of various milk protein components derived from natural milk by genetic engineering and cell factories has become a hot spot and also a technical breakthrough in the field of animal-free milk biosynthesis. Animal-free milk

as a commercially-available high-tech food that is changing our world

has the same nutritional function as natural milk

but does not contain lactose

cholesterol

allergens

contaminated antibiotics and other undesirable components. The animal-free milk production process does not need to breed animals

which can effectively save resources and energy. It is a new model for future dairy production that could reform the traditional farming industry and lead the development of the food industry and cellular agriculture. In this review

we systematically summarize the current status of intellectual property protection of core technologies related to the metabolic reconstruction of model microbial chassis

efficient expression of recombinant milk proteins

and industrialization of animal-free milk products; discuss hot issues such as bottleneck technologies and biosafety challenges in the R

D of animal-free milk products; present the latest development in the combinatorial biosynthesis of milk proteins

man-made flavoring substance additives

sequence modifications for allergen and smart designs for cell factories. At present

the R

D of recombinant milk protein expression and animal-free milk biosynthesis technology in China is still lagging behi

and funds for R

D and venture capital investment for such an emerging business are insufficient. In order to cope with the intensive international competition

we should increase investment in R

D during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

and strive to break through key technologies and product production processes. On the other hand

the formulation of biosynthetic food commercialization regulations and industrial policies needs to be facilitated. These efforts will provide irreplaceable scientific and technological support for promoting the development of future farming industry and achieving the agricultural

carbon peaking and neutralization

goal in China.

关键词

Keywords

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