1.西北大学化工学院,陕西省可降解生物医用材料重点实验室,陕西省生物材料与发酵工程技术研究中心,陕西 西安 710069
2.南京工业大学药学院,江苏 南京 210000
[ "曾丹(1989—),女,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为生物医用材料。E-mail:zengdan0301@nwu.edu.cn" ]
[ "范代娣(1965—),女,博士,教授。主要研究方向为可降解生物材料,预防医学和营养医学。E-mail:fandaidi@nwu.edu.cn" ]
收稿:2020-12-28,
修回:2021-05-29,
纸质出版:2021-08-31
移动端阅览
曾丹, 储建林, 陈燕茹, 范代娣. 人造蛋白功能材料的生物合成及应用[J]. 合成生物学, 2021, 2(4): 528-542
ZENG Dan, CHU Jianlin, CHEN Yanru, FAN Daidi. Biological synthesis and applications of artificial protein functional materials[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2021, 2(4): 528-542
曾丹, 储建林, 陈燕茹, 范代娣. 人造蛋白功能材料的生物合成及应用[J]. 合成生物学, 2021, 2(4): 528-542 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-091.
ZENG Dan, CHU Jianlin, CHEN Yanru, FAN Daidi. Biological synthesis and applications of artificial protein functional materials[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2021, 2(4): 528-542 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-091.
人造蛋白功能材料具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,来源广泛且功能多样,是一类理想的生物材料,在生物工程、医药、军事和纺织等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,现阶段蛋白功能材料的微生物合成仍存在表达量低、性能不稳定等问题,严重限制了这些蛋白材料的高效生产与应用。合成生物学在工程化理念的指导下,为人造蛋白功能材料提供了“精准设计—系统构建—调控表达—工程应用”的研究策略。本文介绍了蛛丝蛋白、蚕丝蛋白、类人胶原蛋白和贻贝蛋白等主要蛋白功能材料的生物合成研究进展,并阐述了人造蛋白细胞工厂的构建、蛋白的调控表达和其在组织工程材料等领域的应用现状。具有动态响应特性的人造蛋白功能材料是未来的研究方向。
Artificial protein functional materials have good biocompatibility
biodegradability
broad resources of raw materials
and diverse functions. As ideal biological materials
they have a wide range of application prospects in bioengineering
medicine
military and textiles. However
microbial synthesis of protein functional materials still has problems such as low expression and unstable performance
which severely restrict their efficient production and application. In recent years
there is a trend of designing artificial protein functional materials that not only possess multi-functional properties but are biomimetic
adaptive and dynamically responsive to biological processes
and such a trend puts forward new requirements for the design and engineering control of macromolecular systems
which raise a necessity for developing research methods to assemble engineered protein molecules into functional macroscopic materials. Under the guidance of engineering concepts
synthetic biology provides a strategy for developing "precise design-system construction-regulatory expres
sion-engineering application" for artificial protein functional materials. This review comments the research progress in the biological synthesis of major protein functional materials such as spider silk protein
silk protein
human-like collagen and mussel protein
and explores the construction of artificial protein cell factory
the regulation of protein expression and their applications as tissue engineering materials and other fields. In view of the current problems of poor biocompatibility and insufficient efficacy of clinical products
artificial protein functional materials can be assembled and processed according to functional requirements
and used to fabricate artificial tendons
artificial skin
degradable hemostatic materials
artificial bones and new protein material medical products such as high-viscosity anti-fouling coating products. There are still several challenges that need to be solved urgently: (1) There are few theoretical analysis tools and models at this stage
making the design
prediction and analysis of functional proteins relatively limited
and a more comprehensive protein database needs to be established; (2) There are many expression regulators in
E. coli
and other microbial systems
and adaptation for the design of expression elements and the target gene
the regulation of protein synthesis pathways and the systemic nature need to be studied to improve the efficiency of protein expression; (3) In terms of engineering applications
it is also necessary to comprehensively consider material stability and biological safety. Finally
the research direction is prospected
which provides insights for scholars working in related fields.
2
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