DNA数字信息存储的研究进展

董一名; 孙法家; 武瑞君; 钱珑

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-086

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DNA数字信息存储的研究进展

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- DNA数字信息存储的研究进展
- Research progress on DNA molecules for digital information storage
- 合成生物学 2021年2卷第3期页码：323-334
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京大学定量生物学中心，北京 100871
  2.中国生物技术发展中心战略与政策处，北京 100039
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "董一名（1993—），女，博士研究生。研究方向为合成生物学。E-mail：ymdong@pku.edu.cn" ]
  [ "孙法家（1996—），男，博士研究生。研究方向为合成生物学。E-mail：projectyasuo@pku.edu.cn" ]
  [ "钱珑（1985—），女，助理研究员。研究方向为进化系统生物学、生物信息学和合成生物学。E-mail：long.qian@pku.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(31901063);国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项(2020YFA0906900)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2020-086
  中图分类号： Q819
- 收稿：2020-11-30，
  
  修回：2021-04-04，
  
  纸质出版：2021-06-30
- 稿件说明：
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董一名，孙法家，武瑞君，钱珑. DNA数字信息存储的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2021， 2（3）： 323-334

DONG Yiming， SUN Fajia， WU Ruijun， QIAN Long. Research progress on DNA molecules for digital information storage［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2021， 2（3）： 323-334
董一名，孙法家，武瑞君，钱珑. DNA数字信息存储的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2021， 2（3）： 323-334 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-086.

DONG Yiming， SUN Fajia， WU Ruijun， QIAN Long. Research progress on DNA molecules for digital information storage［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2021， 2（3）： 323-334 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-086.

摘要

随着计算机技术的发展，数字化信息存储改变了我们的生活。信息正在以越来越快的速度产生着，但与此伴生的，是如何有效存储数据的问题。诸如磁盘、硬盘、闪存等磁学或光学等传统存储介质已经逐渐不能满足全世界范围内数据存储的需要。DNA分子凭借其稳定性、高存储密度和低维护成本，有望成为实用的新型信息存储介质。本文首先介绍了利用DNA分子进行数据存储的工作流程，继而介绍了DNA数据存储领域的研究历史和研究进展，包括存储方式、读取方式、编码方式等。为实现DNA信息存储，通过信息编码将二进制信息转换成DNA序列信息；DNA合成实现信息写入；最后通过基因测序获取序列信息，进而进行信息解码得到原始信息。而现代分子生物学技术的发展，尤其是DNA合成和测序技术的飞跃，使DNA分子大规模存储人工数据逐渐成为现实。之后，对比了DNA分子相对于传统数据存储介质的优劣，介绍了基于DNA分子的数据存储的风险与挑战，如数据安全性、信息读写的速度和成本等。最后，对DNA数据存储领域未来研究的方向进行了展望，介绍了一些与该领域具备交叉潜力的新兴生物技术领域，如“DNA条形码”“DNA折纸”。

Abstract

With the development of information technology

the approach of digital information storage has gone through unprecedented changes. Traditional storage media such as magnetic and optical devices have gradually fallen short to satisfy the global need for data storage

which calls for storage media with more effective data storage. The extraordinary stability

storage capacity

and storage density of DNA molecules promise it to become a novel information storage medium. In this review

we first introduce the basic principles and processes of using DNA molecules to store artificial information

and highlight the latest research results of DNA storage during the past few years. Next

we compare DNA molecules with current mainstream data storage media in terms of performance and cost. DNA molecules excel in data storage density

storage life

maintenance cost and its potential involvement with living cells. Finally

we provide a detailed review of factors that curb the development of DNA information storage

such as data security

writing and reading speeds and storage cost. Meanwhile

we briefly give comments on emerging biotechnological areas that potentially bring breakthroughs to the field of DNA storage

such as DNA barcoding and DNA origami. Perceivably

information storage with DNA molecules provide a novel solution to cold data storage. However

we would not refrain from the optimistic conjecture that multidisciplinary principles and techniques will continuously expand the application scenarios for DNA information storage.

关键词

Keywords

references

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