DNA数据存储：保存策略与数据加密

周廷尧; 罗源; 蒋兴宇

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-084

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

DNA数据存储：保存策略与数据加密

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- DNA数据存储：保存策略与数据加密
- DNA data storage： preservation approach and data encryption
- 合成生物学 2021年2卷第3期页码：371-383
- 作者机构：
  
  南方科技大学生物医学工程系，广东深圳 518055
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "周廷尧（1986—），男，博士，副研究员。研究方向为DNA生物矿化、纳米材料制备与可控组装。 E-mail：zhouty@sustech.edu.cn" ]
  [ "蒋兴宇（1977—），男，博士，讲席教授。研究方向为生物医学工程、DNA存储、微流控。 E-mail：jiang@sustech.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0902600);国家自然科学基金(21907032;21535001;81730051;21761142006)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2020-084
  中图分类号： R 318;Q819
- 收稿：2020-12-01，
  
  修回：2021-03-03，
  
  纸质出版：2021-06-30
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
周廷尧，罗源，蒋兴宇. DNA数据存储：保存策略与数据加密［J］. 合成生物学， 2021， 2（3）： 371-383

ZHOU Tingyao， LUO Yuan， JIANG Xingyu. DNA data storage： preservation approach and data encryption［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2021， 2（3）： 371-383
周廷尧，罗源，蒋兴宇. DNA数据存储：保存策略与数据加密［J］. 合成生物学， 2021， 2（3）： 371-383 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-084.

ZHOU Tingyao， LUO Yuan， JIANG Xingyu. DNA data storage： preservation approach and data encryption［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2021， 2（3）： 371-383 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-084.

摘要

随着信息技术和互联网应用的不断升级，人类社会进入数据爆炸式增长的时代。为缓解海量数据与存储技术不足之间的矛盾，人们开始寻求新一代的存储方式。DNA作为一种新兴的数据存储媒介，具有巨大的发展潜力，其优势包括超高的数据存储密度（理论可达现有技术10

倍）、能耗低以及寿命长（理论可达数十万年）。这些特点可有效克服传统存储介质如硬盘、光盘和固体闪存等的不足。本文以DNA数据存储为主线，阐述了DNA数据存储的基本理论和工作流程，重点介绍了DNA保存的方法与策略研究进展，简要总结了信息安全与数据加密的最新研究成果，最后讨论DNA数据存储现阶段面临的主要挑战

及发展趋势，特别是，DNA数据存储效率提升、存储读取高度集成自动化以及数据加密新策略等方面将是DNA数据存储的重要研究方向。相信随着合成生物学的不断发展，DNA数据存储将成为未来最具应用潜力的新型存储方式。

Abstract

With the rapid development of information technology and the Internet

human society has entered a new big data era. According to the global DataSphere by international data corporation (IDC)

more than 5.9×10

bytes of data will be created and consumed within 2020

and a 26% data growth rate will be sustained through 2024. These data have outpaced the existing storage formats' capability

including magnetic

optical and electronic media. To alleviate the growing gap between explosive data production and current storage capability

it is highly desirable to explore novel solutions for data storage. As an emerging data storage medium

DNA offers substantial advantages over conventional media

including ultra-high data storage density (theoretically 10

times higher than existing technology)

low energy consumption

and long lifetime (up to several hundred thousand years in theory)

and has great potential applications in the future. In this review

we present the basic theory and the workflow of DNA data storage

including encode

write

store and encrypt

random access

read

and decode. We also discuss the research progress on data retention strategies

highlighting

in vitro

and

in vivo

DNA storage. In comparison with

in vivo

strategy

in vitro

storage may have the greatest potential for applications in consideration of cost

durability

and scalability. We briefly summarize the latest research about information security and data encryption using DNA. Finally

we discuss the current challenges and emerging trends in DNA data storage. The cost of DNA synthesis and sequencing largely restricts the rapid development of DNA data storage. Further unresolved questions include efficient preservation and feasible random access. To solve the challenges

imp

roving the efficiency of DNA data storage

storage

and reading automation and new strategies for data encryption will be important research directions for DNA data storage. It is believed that with the continuous development of synthetic biology

DNA data storage will become the most promising form for information storage in the future.

关键词

Keywords

references

ZHIRNOV V , ZADEGAN R M , SANDHU G S , et al . Nucleic acid memory [J ] . Nature Materials , 2016 , 15 ( 4 ): 366 - 370 .

SHRIVASTAVA S , BADLANI R . Data storage in DNA [J ] . International Journal of Electrical Energy , 2014 , 2 ( 2 ): 119 - 124 .

GODA K , KITSUREGAWA M . The history of storage systems [J ] . Proceedings of the IEEE , 2012 , 100 : 1433 - 1440 .

WIENER N . Interview: machines smarter than men? [J ] . US News World Report , 1964 , 56 : 84 - 86 .

NEIMAN M S . On the molecular memory systems and the directed mutations [J ] . Radiotekhnika , 1965 , 6 : 1 - 8 .

DAVIS J . Microvenus [J ] . Art Journal , 1996 , 55 ( 1 ): 70 - 74 .

CLELLAND C T , RISCA V , BANCROFT C . Hiding messages in DNA microdots [J ] . Nature , 1999 , 399 ( 6736 ): 533 - 534 .

BANCROFT C , BOWLER T , BLOOM B , et al . Long-term storage of information in DNA [J ] . Science , 2001 , 2939 ( 5536 ): 1763 - 1765 .

CHURCH G M , GAO Y , KOSURI S . Next-generation digital information storage in DNA [J ] . Science , 2012 , 337 ( 6102 ): 1628 .

GOLDMAN N , BERTONE P , CHEN S , et al . Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA [J ] . Nature , 2013 , 494 ( 7435 ): 77 - 80 .

BORNHOLT J , LOPEZ R , CARMEAN D. M , et al . Toward a DNA-based archival storage system [J ] . IEEE Micro , 2017 , 37 ( 3 ): 98 - 104 .

ERLICH Y , ZIELINSKI D . DNA Fountain enables a robust and efficient storage architecture [J ] . Science , 2017 , 355 ( 6328 ): 950 - 954 .

张淑芳 , 彭康 , 宋香明 , 等 . DNA 数据存储技术研究进展 [J ] . 计算机科学 , 2019 , 46 ( 6 ): 21 - 28 .

ZHANG S F , PENG K , SONG X M , et al . Research progress on DNA data storage technology [J ] . Computer Science , 2019 , 46 ( 6 ): 21 - 28 .

许鹏 , 方刚 , 石晓龙 , 等 . DNA存储及其研究进展 [J ] . 电子与信息学报 , 2020 , 42 ( 6 ): 1326 - 1331 .

XU P , FANG G , SHI X , et al . DNA storage and its research progress [J ] . Journal of Electronics & Information Technology , 2020 , 42 ( 6 ): 1326 - 1331 .

DONG Y , SUN F , PING Z , et al . DNA storage: research landscape and future prospects [J ] . National Science Review , 2020 , 7 ( 6 ): 1092 - 1107 .

ORGANICK L , CHEN Y J , ANG S D , et al . Experimental assessment of PCR specificity and copy number for reliable data retrieval in DNA storage [EB/OL ] . [ 2021-05-24 ] . http://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/565150v1 http://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/565150v1 .

CHEN Y J , TAKAHASHI C N , ORGANICK L , et al . Quantifying molecular bias in DNA data storage [J ] . Nature Communications , 2020 , 11 ( 1 ): 3264 .

CAMPBELL M . DNA data storage: automated DNA synthesis and sequencing are key to unlocking virtually unlimited data storage [J ] . Computer , 2020 , 53 ( 4 ): 63 - 67 .

CEZE L , NIVALA J , STRAUSS K . Molecular digital data storage using DNA [J ] . Nature Reviews Genetics , 2019 , 20 ( 8 ): 456 - 466 .

GAO X , LEPROUST E , ZHANG H , et al . A flexible light-directed DNA chip synthesis gated by deprotection using solution photogenerated acids [J ] . Nucleic Acids Research , 2001 , 29 ( 22 ): 4744 - 4750 .

XIONG A S , YAO Q H , PENG R H , et al . A simple, rapid, high-fidelity and cost-effective PCR-based two-step DNA synthesis method for long gene sequences [J ] . Nucleic Acids Research , 2004 , 32 ( 12 ): e98 .

KOZLOV I , DANG M . SIKES K, et al. Significant improvement of quality for long oligonucleotides by using controlled pore glass with large pores [J ] . Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids , 2005 , 24 ( 5/6/7 ): 1037 - 1041 .

PALLUK S , ARLOW D H , DE ROND T , et al . De novo DNA synthesis using polymerase-nucleotide conjugates [J ] . Nature Biotechnology , 2018 , 36 ( 7 ): 645 - 650 .

GRASS R N , HECKEL R , PUDDU M , et al . Robust chemical preservation of digital information on DNA in silica with error-correcting codes [J ] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2015 , 54 ( 8 ): 2552 - 2555 .

ORGANICK L , ANG S D , CHEN Y J , et al . Random access in large-scale DNA data storage [J ] . Nature Biotechnology , 2018 , 36 ( 3 ): 242 - 248 .

TOMEK K J , VOLKEL K , SIMPSON A , et al . Driving the scalability of DNA-based information storage systems [J ] . ACS Synthetic Biology , 2019 , 8 ( 6 ): 1241 - 1248 .

GOODWIN S , MCPHERSON J D , MCCOMBIE W R . Coming of age: ten years of next-generation sequencing technologies [J ] . Nature Reviews Genetics , 2016 , 17 ( 6 ): 333 - 351 .

DRMANAC R , SPARKS A B , CALLOW M J , et al . Human genome sequencing using unchained base reads on self-assembling DNA nanoarrays [J ] . Science , 2010 , 327 ( 5961 ): 78 - 81 .

DEAMER D , AKESON M , BRANTON D . Three decades of nanopore sequencing [J ] . Nature Biotechnology , 2016 , 34 ( 5 ): 518 - 524 .

DABNEY J , KNAPP M , GLOCKE I , et al . Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear reconstructed from ultrashort DNA fragments [J ] . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 2013 , 110 ( 39 ): 15758 .

MEYER M , FU Q , AXIMU-PETRI A , et al . A mitochondrial genome sequence of a hominin from Sima de los Huesos [J ] . Nature , 2014 , 505 ( 7483 ): 403 - 406 .

BONNET J , COLOTTE M , COUDY D , et al . Chain and conformation stability of solid-state DNA: implications for room temperature storage [J ] . Nucleic Acids Research , 2010 , 38 ( 5 ): 1531 - 1546 .

DEAGLE B E , EVESON J P , JARMAN S N . Quantification of damage in DNA recovered from highly degraded samples - a case study on DNA in faeces [J ] . Frontiers in Zoology , 2006 , 3 : 11 .

ALLENTOFT M E , COLLINS M , HARKER D , et al . The half-life of DNA in bone: measuring decay kinetics in 158 dated fossils [J ] . Proceedings of the Royal Society B , 2012 , 279 ( 1748 ): 4724 - 4733 .

BAOUTINA A , BHAT S , PARTIS L , et al . Storage stability of solutions of DNA standards [J ] . Analytical Chemistry , 2019 , 91 ( 19 ): 12268 - 12274 .

TABATABAEI YAZDI S M H , YUAN Y , MA J , et al . A rewritable, random-access DNA-based storage system [J ] . Scientific Reports , 2015 , 5 ( 1 ): 14138 .

YAZDI S M H T , GABRYS R , MILENKOVIC O . Portable and error-free DNA-based data storage [J ] . Scientific Reports , 2017 , 7 ( 1 ): 5011 .

IVANOVA N V , KUZMINA M L . Protocols for dry DNA storage and shipment at room temperature [J ] . Molecular Ecology Resources , 2013 , 13 ( 5 ): 890 - 898 .

NEWMAN S , STEPHENSON A P , WILLSEY M , et al . High density DNA data storage library via dehydration with digital microfluidic retrieval [J ] . Nature Communications , 2019 , 10 ( 1 ): 1706 .

BURGOYNE L A, Solid medium and method for DNA storage : US 5807527 [P ] . 1998-09-15 .

KOHLL A X , ANTKOWIAK P L , CHEN W D , et al . Stabilizing synthetic DNA for long-term data storage with earth alkaline salts [J ] . Chemical Communications , 2020 , 56 ( 25 ): 3613 - 3616 .

PAUNESCU D , FUHRER R , GRASS R N . Protection and deprotection of DNA-high-temperature stability of nucleic acid barcodes for polymer labeling [J ] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2013 , 52 ( 15 ): 4269 - 4272 .

CHEN W D , KOHLL A X , NGUYEN B H , et al . Combining data longevity with high storage capacity-layer‐by‐layer DNA encapsulated in magnetic nanoparticles [J ] . Advanced Functional Materials , 2019 , 29 ( 28 ): 1901672 .

LINDAHL T , NYBERG B . Rate of depurination of native deoxyribonucleic acid [J ] . Biochemistry , 1972 , 11 ( 19 ): 3610 - 3618 .

KOCH J , GANTENBEIN S , MASANIA K , et al . A DNA-of-things storage architecture to create materials with embedded memory [J ] . Nature Biotechnology , 2020 , 38 ( 1 ): 39 - 43 .

KHALIFEHZADEH R , ARAMI H . DNA-templated strontium-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles for gene delivery in bone cells [J ] . ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering , 2019 , 5 ( 7 ): 3201 - 3211 .

ANASTASSACOS F M , ZHAO Z , ZENG Y , et al . Glutaraldehyde cross-linking of oligolysines coating DNA origami greatly reduces susceptibility to nuclease degradation [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2020 , 142 ( 7 ): 3311 - 3315 .

NGUYEN M K , NGUYEN V H , NATARAJAN A K , et al . Ultrathin silica coating of DNA origami nanostructures [J ] . Chemistry of Materials , 2020 , 32 ( 15 ): 6657 - 6665 .

SHANG Y , LI N , LIU S , et al . Site-specific synthesis of silica nanostructures on DNA origami templates [J ] . Advanced Materials , 2020 , 32 ( 21 ): e2000294 .

LIU X , ZHANG F , JING X , et al . Complex silica composite nanomaterials templated with DNA origami [J ] . Nature , 2018 , 559 ( 7715 ): 593 - 598 .

LIU X , JING X , LIU P , et al . DNA framework-encoded mineralization of calcium phosphate [J ] . Chem , 2020 , 6 ( 2 ): 472 - 485 .

SHETH R U , WANG H H . DNA-based memory devices for recording cellular events [J ] . Nature Reviews Genetics , 2018 , 19 ( 11 ): 718 - 732 .

元英进 , 韩明哲 , 陈为刚 , 等 . 基于DNA的信息存储方法 : CN201811377712.X [P ] . 2018-11-19 .

YUAN Y J , HAN M Z , CHEN W G , et al . Information storage means based on DNA : CN201811377712.X [P ] . 2018-11-19 .

HAO M , QIAO H , GAO Y , et al . A mixed culture of bacterial cells enables an economic DNA storage on a large scale [J ] . Communications Biology , 2020 , 3 ( 1 ): 416 .

WIRTH D , GAMA-NORTON L , RIEMER P , et al . Road to precision: recombinase-based targeting technologies for genome engineering [J ] . Current Opinion in Biotechnology , 2007 , 18 ( 5 ): 411 - 419 .

BIBIKOVA M , BEUMER K , TRAUTMAN J K , et al . Enhancing gene targeting with designed zinc finger nucleases [J ] . Science , 2003 , 300 ( 5620 ): 764 .

YANG L , NIELSEN A A K , FERNANDEZ-RODRIGUEZ J , et al . Permanent genetic memory with >1-byte capacity [J ] . Nature Methods , 2014 , 11 ( 12 ): 1261 - 1266 .

BONNET J , SUBSOONTORN P , ENDY D . Rewritable digital data storage in live cells via engineered control of recombination directionality [J ] . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 2012 , 109 ( 23 ): 8884 .

MARRAFFINI L A . CRISPR-Cas immunity in prokaryotes [J ] . Nature , 2015 , 526 ( 7571 ): 55 - 61 .

XIE Z X , MITCHELL L A , LIU H M , et al . Rapid and efficient CRISPR/Cas9-based mating-type switching of saccharomyces cerevisiae [J ] . G 3-Genes Genomes Genetics , 2018 , 8 ( 1 ): 173 - 183 .

DOUDNA J A , CHARPENTIER E . The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9 [J ] . Science , 2014 , 346 ( 6213 ): 1258096 .

FRIEDA K L , LINTON J M , HORMOZ S , et al . Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells [J ] . Nature , 2017 , 541 ( 7635 ): 107 - 111 .

MCKENNA A , FINDLAY G M , GAGNON J A , et al . Whole-organism lineage tracing by combinatorial and cumulative genome editing [J ] . Science , 2016 , 353 ( 6298 ): aaf7907 .

KALHOR R , MALI P , CHURCH G M . Rapidly evolving homing CRISPR barcodes [J ] . Nature Methods , 2017 , 14 ( 2 ): 195 - 200 .

ZETSCHE B , GOOTENBERG J S , ABUDAYYEH O O , et al . Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system [J ] . Cell , 2015 , 163 ( 3 ): 759 - 771 .

KIM Y G , CHA J , CHANDRASEGARAN S . Hybrid restriction enzymes: zinc finger fusions to FokI cleavage domain [J ] . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 1996 , 93 ( 3 ): 1156 - 1160 .

MILLER J C , HOLMES M C , WANG J , et al . An improved zinc-finger nuclease architecture for highly specific genome editing [J ] . Nature Biotechnology , 2007 , 25 ( 7 ): 778 - 785 .

BOCH J , SCHOLZE H , SCHORNACK S , et al . Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors [J ] . Science , 2009 , 326 ( 5959 ): 1509 - 1512 .

CHRISTIAN M , CERMAK T , DOYLE E L , et al . Targeting DNA double-strand breaks with TAL effector nucleases [J ] . Genetics , 2010 , 186 ( 2 ): 757 - 761 .

LIM C K , NIRANTAR S , YEW W S , et al . Novel modalities in DNA data storage [J ] . Trends in Biotechnology , 2021 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.12.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.12.008 .

YACHIE N , OHASHI Y , TOMITA M . Stabilizing synthetic data in the DNA of living organisms [J ] . Systems and Synthetic Biology , 2008 , 2 ( 1 ): 19 - 25 .

SONG L , ZENG A P . Orthogonal information encoding in living cells with high error-tolerance, safety, and fidelity [J ] . ACS Synthetic Biology , 2018 , 7 ( 3 ): 866 - 874 .

DE SILVA P Y , GANEGODA G U . New trends of digital data storage in DNA [J ] . BioMed Research International , 2016 , 2016 : 8072463 .

BORDA M , TORNEA O . DNA secret writing techniques [C ] // International Conference on Communications . Piscataway : IEEE , 2010 .

SANGWAN N . Text encryption with huffman compression [J ] . International Journal of Computer Applications , 2012 , 54 ( 6 ): 29 - 32 .

AKRAM F , HAQ I U , ALI H , et al . Trends to store digital data in DNA: an overview [J ] . Molecular Biology Reports , 2018 , 45 ( 5 ): 1479 - 1490 .

MARGULIES D , FELDER C E , MELMAN G , et al . A molecular keypad lock: a photochemical device capable of authorizing password entries [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2007 , 129 ( 2 ): 347 - 354 .

LIU Y , REN J , QIN Y , et al . An aptamer-based keypad lock system [J ] . Chemical Communications , 2012 , 48 ( 6 ): 802 - 804 .

SHOSHANI S , PIRAN R , ARAVA Y , et al . A molecular cryptosystem for images by DNA computing [J ] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2012 , 51 ( 12 ): 2883 - 2887 .

WONG N Y , XING H , TAN L H , et al . Nano-encrypted morse code: a versatile approach to programmable and reversible nanoscale assembly and disassembly [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2013 , 135 ( 8 ): 2931 - 2934 .

CHEN Z , XU J . One-time-pads encryption in the tile assembly model [J ] . Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience , 2010 , 7 ( 5 ): 848 - 855 .

ADLEMAN L M . Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems [J ] . Science , 1994 , 266 ( 5187 ): 1021 - 1024 .

LI J , GREEN A A , YAN H , et al . Engineering nucleic acid structures for programmable molecular circuitry and intracellular biocomputation [J ] . Nature Chemistry , 2017 , 9 ( 11 ): 1056 - 1067 .

QIAN L , WINFREE E , BRUCK J . Neural network computation with DNA strand displacement cascades [J ] . Nature , 2011 , 475 ( 7356 ): 368 - 372 .

SONG X , REIF J . Nucleic Acid databases and molecular-scale computing [J ] . ACS Nano , 2019 , 13 ( 6 ): 6256 - 6268 .

CARMEAN D , CEZE L , SEELIG G , et al . DNA data storage and hybrid molecular-electronic computing [J ] . Proceedings of the IEEE , 2019 , 107 ( 1 ): 63 - 72 .

陈智华 , 石晓龙 , 程珍 . DNA计算在信息安全领域的影响与应用 [J ] . 中国科学院院刊 , 2014 , 29 ( 1 ): 70 - 82 .

CHEN Z H , SHI X L . CHENG Z. Impact and application of DNA nanotechnology in information security [J ] . Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 2014 , 29 ( 1 ): 70 - 82 .

LEIER A , RICHTER C , BANZHAF W , et al . Cryptography with DNA binary strands [J ] . Biosystems , 2000 , 57 : 13 - 22 .

GEHANI A , LABEAN T H , REIF J H . DNA-based cryptography, in dimacs deries in discrete mathematics [J ] . Theoretical Computer Science , 2000 , 54 : 233 - 251 .

ZHANG Y , WANG F , CHAO J , et al . DNA origami cryptography for secure communication [J ] . Nature Communications , 2019 , 10 ( 1 ): 5469 .

LI S Y , LIU J K , ZHAO G P , et al . CADS: CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted DNA steganography for securing the storage and transfer of DNA-encoded information [J ] . ACS Synthetic Biology , 2018 , 7 ( 4 ): 1174 - 1178 .

ZHANG Y , LI F , LI M , et al . Encoding carbon nanotubes with tubular nucleic acids for information storage [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2019 , 141 ( 44 ): 17861 - 17866 .

BESARATINIA A , YOON J I , SCHROEDER C , et al . Wavelength dependence of ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage as determined by laser irradiation suggests that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are the principal DNA lesions produced by terrestrial sunlight [J ] . The FASEB Journal , 2011 , 25 ( 9 ): 3079 - 3091 .

DIETRICH D , UHL B , SAILER V , et al . Improved PCR performance using template DNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues by overcoming PCR inhibition [J ] . PLoS One , 2013 , 8 ( 10 ): e77771 .

PAUNESCU D , PUDDU M , SOELLNER J O B , et al . Reversible DNA encapsulation in silica to produce ROS-resistant and heat-resistant synthetic DNA 'fossils' [J ] . Nature Protocols , 2013 , 8 ( 12 ): 2440 - 2448 .

KARNI M , ZIDON D , POLAK P , et al . Thermal degradation of DNA [J ] . DNA and Cell Biology , 2013 , 32 ( 6 ): 298 - 301 .

KEMP B M , SMITH D G . Use of bleach to eliminate contaminating DNA from the surface of bones and teeth [J ] . Forensic Science International , 2005 , 154 ( 1 ): 53 - 61 .

KIM J , BAE J H , BAYM M , et al . Metastable hybridization-based DNA information storage to allow rapid and permanent erasure [J ] . Nature Communications , 2020 , 11 ( 1 ): 5008 .

LIN K N , VOLKEL K , TUCK J M , et al . Dynamic and scalable DNA-based information storage [J ] . Nature Communications , 2020 , 11 ( 1 ): 2981 .

SONG Y , KIM S , HELLER M J , et al . DNA multi-bit non-volatile memory and bit-shifting operations using addressable electrode arrays and electric field-induced hybridization [J ] . Nature Communications , 2018 , 9 ( 1 ): 281 .

PUDDU M , PAUNESCU D , STARK W J , et al . Magnetically recoverable, thermostable, hydrophobic DNA/silica encapsulates and their application as invisible oil tags [J ] . ACS Nano , 2014 , 8 ( 3 ): 2677 - 2685 .

MIKUTIS G , DEUBER C A , SCHMID L , et al . Silica-encapsulated DNA-based tracers for aquifer characterization [J ] . Environmental Science & Technology , 2018 , 52 ( 21 ): 12142 - 12152 .

KOSURI S , CHURCH G M . Large-scale de novo DNA synthesis: technologies and applications [J ] . Nature Methods , 2014 , 11 ( 5 ): 499 - 507 .

HUGHES R A , ELLINGTON A D . Synthetic DNA synthesis and assembly: putting the synthetic in synthetic biology [J ] . Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology , 2017 , 9 ( 1 ): a023812 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

生物法回收电池关键金属研究进展