酿酒酵母基因组进化的研究进展

夏思杨; 江丽红; 蔡谨; 黄磊; 徐志南; 连佳长

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-044

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酿酒酵母基因组进化的研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- 酿酒酵母基因组进化的研究进展
- Advances in genome evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 合成生物学 2020年1卷第5期页码：556-569
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院，生物质化工教育部重点实验室，浙江杭州 310027
  2.浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院，合成生物学研究中心，浙江杭州 310027
- 作者简介：
  
  作者简介:夏思杨（1996—），女，硕士研究生。研究方向为基因组进化研究。E-mail：21828174@zju.edu.cn
  [ "蔡谨（1960—），男，博士，副教授。研究方向为工业微生物学。E-mail：caij@zju.edu.cn" ]
  [ "连佳长（1984—），男，博士，研究员。研究方向为合成生物学。E-mail：jzlian@zju.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0901800);国家自然科学基金(21808199);浙江省自然科学基金(R20B060006)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2020-044
  中图分类号： Q 815
- 收稿：2020-04-08，
  
  修回：2020-09-28，
  
  纸质出版：2020-10-31
- 稿件说明：
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夏思杨, 江丽红, 蔡谨, 黄磊, 徐志南, 连佳长. 酿酒酵母基因组进化的研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(5): 556-569

XIA Siyang, JIANG Lihong, CAI Jin, HUANG Lei, XU Zhinan, LIAN Jiazhang. Advances in genome evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(5): 556-569
夏思杨, 江丽红, 蔡谨, 黄磊, 徐志南, 连佳长. 酿酒酵母基因组进化的研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(5): 556-569 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-044.

XIA Siyang, JIANG Lihong, CAI Jin, HUANG Lei, XU Zhinan, LIAN Jiazhang. Advances in genome evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(5): 556-569 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-044.

摘要

由于细胞代谢和调控网络的复杂性，尤其是对于多基因调控的复杂性状和遗传工具有限的生物系统而言，基因组进化在微生物细胞工厂的构建中起着至关重要的作用。基因组进化通过人为创造多样化性状以及功能筛选的迭代循环，在实验室中模拟且加速自然进化的过程，从而快速获得满足目标需求的进化突变体。酿酒酵母是代谢工程中重要的底盘细胞，全基因组进化是对其进行系统性改造的最有效合成生物学手段之一。本文总结了基因组进化在构建高效的酿酒酵母细胞工厂中的技术进展和应用，包括基因组改组、转座子插入诱变和全局转录机制工程（gTME）等基于随机突变的非理性基因组进化以及诸如酵母寡核苷酸介导的基因组工程（YOGE），真核基因组多重位点自动改造技术（eMAGE）、RNAi辅助的基因组进化方法（RAGE）以及基于CRISPR体系的基因组规模改造技术（CHAnGE、MAGIC和MAGESTIC）等可示踪的半理性基因组进化，并简要介绍了基因组进化面临的挑战和高通量筛选方法的发展前景。

Abstract

Due to our limited knowledge of the complicated cellular networks

genome evolution has

played critical roles in the construction and optimization of microbial cell factories

especially for those complex traits regulated by multi-genes and for organisms with few genetic engineering tools. Directed genome evolution mimics natural evolution in the laboratory

via

iterative rounds of genetic diversification and functional screening or selection to isolate evolved mutants with the desirable phenotypes. Genome evolution has been found to be one of the most effective synthetic biology tools for systematic modification and optimization of

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

one of the most important chassises in metabolic engineering. This review summarized the advances and applications of genome evolution techniques in the construction and optimization of efficient

S. cerevisiae

cell factories. Firstly

random mutagenesis based genome evolution strategies

including chemical/physical mutagenesis

genome shuffling

transposon mediated mutagenesis

global transcriptional machinery engineering

recombinase mediated mutagenesis

as well as adaptive laboratory evolution

are introduced. Then

the recently developed trackable genome-scale engineering techniques

including YOGE (yeast oligo-mediated genome engineering)

eMAGE (eukaryotic multiplex automated genome engineering)

RAGE (RNAi-assisted genome evolution)

CHAnGE (CRISPR/Cas9- and homology-directed-repair-assisted genome-scale engineering)

MAGIC (multi-functional genome-wide CRISPR system)

and MAGESTIC (multiplexed accurate genome editing with short

trackable

integrated cellular barcodes)

are discussed in details. In addition

the applications of these irrational and semi-rational genome evolution techniques in engineering yeast cell factories to expand substrate utilization

enhance product formation

and improve cellular properties

are also presented. Finally

the challenges and future directions of genome evolution

particularly when in combination with the high-throughput screening methodologies

are p

rospected.

关键词

Keywords

references

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