Plant synthetic biology: new opportunities for large-scale culture of plant cells

YAN Zhaotao; ZHOU Pengfei; WANG Yangzhong; ZHANG Xin; XIE Wenyan; TIAN Chenfei; WANG Yong

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-095

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Plant synthetic biology: new opportunities for large-scale culture of plant cells

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-11-12

- Plant synthetic biology: new opportunities for large-scale culture of plant cells
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 6, Issue 5, Pages: 1107-1125(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海烟草集团有限责任公司烟草行业卷烟烟气重点实验室，上海 201315
  2.中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心，植物生理生态研究所，中国科学院合成生物学重点实验室，上海 200032
  3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  4.广东医科大学基础医学院，广东东莞 523808
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-095
  CLC： Q81
- Received：18 December 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-02-24，
  
  Published：31 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
颜钊涛，周鹏飞，汪阳忠，张鑫，谢雯燕，田晨菲，王勇. 植物合成生物学：植物细胞大规模培养的新机遇［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1107-1125

YAN Zhaotao， ZHOU Pengfei， WANG Yangzhong， ZHANG Xin， XIE Wenyan， TIAN Chenfei， WANG Yong. Plant synthetic biology： new opportunities for large-scale culture of plant cells［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1107-1125
颜钊涛，周鹏飞，汪阳忠，张鑫，谢雯燕，田晨菲，王勇. 植物合成生物学：植物细胞大规模培养的新机遇［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1107-1125 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-095.

YAN Zhaotao， ZHOU Pengfei， WANG Yangzhong， ZHANG Xin， XIE Wenyan， TIAN Chenfei， WANG Yong. Plant synthetic biology： new opportunities for large-scale culture of plant cells［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1107-1125 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-095.

摘要

植物细胞培养（plant cell culture， PCC）作为一种极具发展潜力的生物合成平台，具有生长周期短、成本效益高、无病原危害、次生代谢产物丰富等优势，在医药、食品和保健等领域备受关注。然而，生产效率不足是限制PCC应用于商业化生产的最大阻碍，其中，遗传转化效率低、调控网络复杂、细胞结团及遗传稳定性差是主要困难。合成生物学遵循自下而上的工程化建造理念，对天然植物细胞进行精准设计与改造，为开发高效、经济可行的植物细胞工厂提供了新的解决方案。本文回顾了PCC作为合成平台在生产重组蛋白和次生代谢产物中的研究现状。重点探讨了植物合成生物学对PCC在工业化发展中的推动作用，包括优质植物细胞系的构建、遗传转化体系的优化、表达系统的优化、生产效率与产能的提升以及赋予植物细胞合成异源产物的能力。未来，PCC的发展更需强调合成生物学理念和技术在突破当前技术瓶颈中的关键作用，以促进植物细胞大规模培养的进一步发展。

Abstract

Plant Cell Culture (PCC) has emerged as a highly promising chassis for synthetic biology

offering a range of advantages such as short growth cycles

cost-effectiveness

absence of pathogenic risks

and abundant secondary metabolites. These features make PCC an attractive alternative for applications in medicine

food

and health. However

insufficient production efficiency due to difficulties in genetic transformation

complex regulatory networks

cell aggregation

and poor genetic stability remains a major obstacle that limits the commercialization of PCC. Synthetic biology

with its bottom-up engineering design approach

provides a powerful toolkit to address these challenges. By enabling the precise design and modification of native plant cells

synthetic biology offers innovative strategies to develop efficient and economically viable plant cell factories. In this paper

we first review the current status of PCC in synthesizing high-value compounds

particularly recombinant proteins and secondary metabolites. Recent advancements have demonstrated the potential of PCC to produce therapeutic proteins

vaccines

industrial enzymes and bioactive compounds such as alkaloids

flavonoids

and terpenoids. These successes underscore the versatility of PCC as a bioproduction platform. We then explore the role of synthetic biology in advancing PCC industrialization. Key developments include the creation of high-quality plant cell lines through genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9

enhancing genetic stability and metabolic efficiency. Additionally

synthetic biology has improved genetic transformation systems

overcoming a critical bottleneck in PCC. Enhanced expression systems

incorporating synthetic promoters and regulatory elements

have significantly boosted target compound yields. Furthermore

synthetic biology has expanded PCC applications by enabling the biosynthesis of heterologous compounds beyond their native metabolic pathways. Finally

we discuss future prospects

emphasizing the potential of synthetic biology to overcome current technical challenges. Emerging technologies including multi-omics integration

machine learning

and synthetic organelle development are anticipated to further enhance PCC’s scalability and efficiency. By addressing these challenges

synthetic biology will pave the way for large-scale plant cell cultivation

thereby facilitating its widespread adoption in industrial bioproduction. The convergence of PCC and synthetic biology holds immense potential for the sustainable

cost-effective

and scalable production of high-value compounds.

关键词

Keywords

references

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