Strategies and prospects of synthetic biology in crop photosynthesis

SUN Yang; CHEN Lichao; SHI Yanyun; WANG Ke; LV Dandan; XU Xiumei; ZHANG Lixin

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-094

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Strategies and prospects of synthetic biology in crop photosynthesis

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-11-12

- Strategies and prospects of synthetic biology in crop photosynthesis
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 6, Issue 5, Pages: 1025-1040(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  河南大学生命科学学院，省部共建作物逆境适应与改良国家重点实验室，河南省合成生物与生物制造重点实验室，河南开封 475004
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-094
  CLC： Q81
- Received：17 December 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-03-12，
  
  Published：31 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
孙扬，陈立超，石艳云，王珂，吕丹丹，徐秀美，张立新. 作物光合作用合成生物学的策略与展望［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1025-1040

SUN Yang， CHEN Lichao， SHI Yanyun， WANG Ke， LV Dandan， XU Xiumei， ZHANG Lixin. Strategies and prospects of synthetic biology in crop photosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1025-1040
孙扬，陈立超，石艳云，王珂，吕丹丹，徐秀美，张立新. 作物光合作用合成生物学的策略与展望［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1025-1040 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-094.

SUN Yang， CHEN Lichao， SHI Yanyun， WANG Ke， LV Dandan， XU Xiumei， ZHANG Lixin. Strategies and prospects of synthetic biology in crop photosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1025-1040 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-094.

摘要

光合作用是地球上几乎所有生命活动的能量和物质来源，其效率直接影响作物的生长和产量。随着合成生物学的快速发展，研究者们开始探索通过工程化手段，从不同层次优化光合作用的基本环节，包括光能利用、碳固定、光呼吸及光合逆境适应等。本文综述了近年来在提高光合作用效率方面的研究进展，重点讨论了新型光能转化模型的构建、Rubisco的定向进化与活性改造、碳同化途径的优化、光呼吸支路的设计以及逆境高光效回路的构建等策略。通过合成生物学的手段，可以显著提高植物的光合效率和抗逆能力，实现生物量和作物产量的提升，为应对全球粮食安全挑战提供新的解决方案。未来，基于合成生物学的策略，深入解析光合作用的分子机制，结合人工智能等新兴技术，将为光合作用的工程化改造提供更为有效的方法和途径，实现作物光合作用效率的显著提升。

Abstract

Photosynthesis is the primary source of energy and materials for nearly all life activities on Earth

and its efficiency directly impacts crop growth and yield. With the rapid development of synthetic biology

researchers have begun to explore engineering approaches to optimize the fundamental processes of photosynthesis at various levels

including light energy utilization

carbon fixation

photorespiration

and stress adaptation. This review summarizes recent advances in improving photosynthetic efficiency

with a focus on the synthetic biological strategies that can be im

plemented in crops. To achieve efficient light absorption and electron transport

novel light energy conversion models have been developed

involving the engineering of light-harvesting antennae to minimize energy loss and the development of orthogonal electron transport chains to enhance quantum yield. Multi-level optimization strategies have been developed for carbon assimilation pathways

including directed evolution and activity modification of Rubisco

optimization of key enzymes in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle

and the introduction of CO

concentrating mechanisms into C

plants. Furthermore

novel photorespiratory bypasses have been engineered through synthetic biology approaches

which optimize glycolate metabolism to effectively reduce photorespiratory carbon loss while enhancing photosynthetic efficiency in crops. Additionally

various engineering strategies have been developed to optimize photosynthetic performance under adverse conditions

such as the enhancement of non-photochemical quenching components to tolerate high light and the application of stress-responsive elements to adapt to temperature fluctuations. By employing synthetic biology techniques

significant improvements in plant photosynthetic efficiency and stress resistance have been achieved. This has led to enhanced biomass and crop yields

thereby providing new solutions to address global food security challenges. In the future

strategies based on synthetic biology

combined with a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis and emerging technologies like artificial intelligence

will offer more effective methods and pathways for the engineering of photosynthesis

resulting in a substantial enhancement of crop photosynthetic efficiency.

关键词

Keywords

references

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