Research progress in the production of α-arbutin through biosynthesis

ZHONG Quanzhou; SHAN Yiyi; PEI Qingyun; JIN Yanyun; WANG Yihan; MENG Luyuan; WANG Xinyun; ZHANG Yuxin; LIU Kunyuan; WANG Huizhong; FENG Shangguo

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-054

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Research progress in the production of α-arbutin through biosynthesis

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-06-20

- Research progress in the production of α-arbutin through biosynthesis
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages: 118-135(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院，浙江杭州 311121
  2.浙江省药用植物种质改良和质量监控重点实验室，浙江杭州 311121
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-054
  CLC： Q81
- Received：18 July 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-11-08，
  
  Published：31 January 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
仲泉周，单依怡，裴清云，金艳芸，王艺涵，孟璐远，王歆韵，张雨鑫，刘坤媛，王慧中，冯尚国. 生物合成法生产α-熊果苷的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（1）： 118-135

ZHONG Quanzhou， SHAN Yiyi， PEI Qingyun， JIN Yanyun， WANG Yihan， MENG Luyuan， WANG Xinyun， ZHANG Yuxin， LIU Kunyuan， WANG Huizhong， FENG Shangguo. Research progress in the production of α-arbutin through biosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（1）： 118-135
仲泉周，单依怡，裴清云，金艳芸，王艺涵，孟璐远，王歆韵，张雨鑫，刘坤媛，王慧中，冯尚国. 生物合成法生产α-熊果苷的研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（1）： 118-135 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-054.

ZHONG Quanzhou， SHAN Yiyi， PEI Qingyun， JIN Yanyun， WANG Yihan， MENG Luyuan， WANG Xinyun， ZHANG Yuxin， LIU Kunyuan， WANG Huizhong， FENG Shangguo. Research progress in the production of α-arbutin through biosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（1）： 118-135 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-054.

摘要

熊果苷（arbutin）是一种天然的糖苷类化合物，广泛存在于自然界中。α-熊果苷（α-arbutin）是其一种异构体，由于其高效安全的美白作用和许多优秀的药理作用，受到越来越多的市场关注。研究发现，生物合成法生产α-熊果苷相较于自然提取法和化学合成法有着更高的产量、更安全的环境、更有竞争力的价格等优势，已经成为主流生产方式。本文介绍了常用于α-熊果苷生产的七种酶类的相关研究，分别为α-淀粉酶、蔗糖磷酸化酶、环糊精糖基转移酶、α-葡萄糖基酶、葡聚糖蔗糖酶、淀粉蔗糖酶和蔗糖异构酶。另外对全细胞催化法、微生物发酵法生产α-熊果苷的研究进展进行综述，对α-熊果苷生产过程中存在的问题进行了剖析并提出在工业化发展上的建议，最后对α-熊果苷合成的未来方向进行了展望，以期能够为实现更高效、更低成本的α-熊果苷生产提供新思路。

Abstract

Arbutins are a kind of natural glycoside compounds found widely in nature. α-arbutin

one of its isomers

has received increasing market attention due to its efficient and safe whitening effect and other excellent pharmacological effects. Studies have revealed that the production methods of α-arbutin mainly fall into three categories: plant extraction

chemical synthesis

and biosynthesis. For the plant extraction

raw materials are widely available

and the process is simple

but the yield fails to meet the requirement for large scale production and applications. The chemical synthesis has a higher yield but with harsh reaction conditions

and thus is not environmentally friendly. Through research has found that the biosynthesis of α-arbutin has higher yield

safer environment

more competitive cost and other advantages compared with the natural extraction and chemical synthesis as well

making it the mainstream production method. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different synthetic methods and studies on the seven enzymes commonly used in the biosynthesis of α-arbutin including α-amylase

sucrose phosphorylase

cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase

α-glucosylase

dextransucrase

amylosucrase

and sucrose isomerase. These enzymes use different sugar donors and catalyze the transglycosylation reaction with hydroquinone as the receptor substrate to synthesize α-arbutin. Additionally

we provide a comprehensive review on research progress in the whole-cell catalysis and microbial fermentation to produce α-arbutin

and potentials for its industrial production are assessed. Furthermore

we highlight challenges that exist in the biosynthesis of α-arbutin

such as the oxidation of hydroquinone during synthesis that increases cell toxicity and reduces the yield

the low utilization rate of glucose and the generation of other glycoside products

and the poor performance of experimental strains

and corresponding solutions are proposed. Finally

future directions for α-arbutin synthesis are prospected

with the aim of providing new ideas for achieving more efficient and lower-cost production of α-arbutin and enhancing its applications in the fields of cosmetics and medicines.

关键词

Keywords

references

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