Efficient biosynthesis of glucoraphanin in Brassicaceae crops by genetic engineering

LIU Xiaoyue; WANG Pandi; WU Gang; LIU Fang

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-031

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Efficient biosynthesis of glucoraphanin in Brassicaceae crops by genetic engineering

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-06-20

- Efficient biosynthesis of glucoraphanin in Brassicaceae crops by genetic engineering
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages: 136-156(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国农业科学院油料作物研究所，农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，农业农村部植物生态环境安全监督检验测试中心，湖北武汉 430062
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-031
  CLC： Q812
- Received：28 March 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-05-30，
  
  Published：31 January 2025
- 稿件说明：
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刘晓悦，王盼娣，吴刚，刘芳. 基因工程辅助萝卜硫苷在十字花科作物中的高效生物合成［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（1）： 136-156

LIU Xiaoyue， WANG Pandi， WU Gang， LIU Fang. Efficient biosynthesis of glucoraphanin in Brassicaceae crops by genetic engineering［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（1）： 136-156
刘晓悦，王盼娣，吴刚，刘芳. 基因工程辅助萝卜硫苷在十字花科作物中的高效生物合成［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（1）： 136-156 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-031.

LIU Xiaoyue， WANG Pandi， WU Gang， LIU Fang. Efficient biosynthesis of glucoraphanin in Brassicaceae crops by genetic engineering［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（1）： 136-156 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-031.

摘要

植物次级代谢物萝卜硫苷（glucoraphanin，GRA）是一种由蛋氨酸衍生的硫代葡萄糖苷（glucosinolate，GSL），性质相对稳定，其本身及水解后活性产物萝卜硫素（sulforaphane，SFN）在抵抗癌症、神经保护等方面发挥重要作用，在食品营养和科学研究中受到广泛关注。本文将综述GRA的理化性质、来源、生物学功能、合成途径以及当前生产现状，并进一步探讨未来GRA高效生物合成的潜力策略。GRA合成路径复杂，包括侧链延伸、核心结构形成以及侧链修饰三个阶段，可经植物内源黑芥子酶（myrosinase， MYR）或肠道微生物转化为具有生物活性的SFN等物质。西蓝花等十字花科作物中GRA含量较高，是当前GRA的主要来源作物，但其存在种植周期较长、产量不稳、提取率低等问题，开发经济且可再生的GRA新资源将极大地推进GRA开发应用。随着GRA生物合成及调控路径的明晰，基因工程辅助GRA的高效生物合成展现出巨大的潜力，也提示突破主流的单基因调控策略，聚合多基因多维度协同提高GRA合成的潜力。本文聚焦基因工程辅助十字花科作物高效生产GRA这一目标，系统地梳理了GRA合成各阶段的潜在候选基因并从富集部位角度指出了具高应用价值的底盘作物，以期为将来通过基因工程和分子育种技术调控植物中GRA的生物合成、实现GRA大规模可持续生产，提供一定的思路和策略。

Abstract

Glucoraphanin (GRA)

a secondary metabolite of plants

is a glucosinolate (GSL) derived from methionine. It is relatively stable in nature

and both GRA and its degradation product sulforaphane (SFN) play important roles in anticancer

neuroprotection

and other broad biological functions and health-benefits

and in particular

SFN has been reported as the best natural product for anticancer. In this article

we review the physicochemical properties

sources

biological functions

synthetic pathways

current production status of GRA

and discuss the potential strategy for the efficient biological synthesis of GRA in the future. The synthesis pathway of GRA involves three stages: side chain elongation

core structure information

and side chain modification. GRA can be converted into SFN and other active compounds by plant myrosinase (MYR) and intestinal microorganisms. Brassicaceae crops such as broccoli have high levels of GRA

and are currently the main source of GRA. However

the cultivation cycle of GRA-rich plants is long

and its extraction yield is low. Therefore

the development of economical and renewable new resources of GRA will greatly advance its applications. With the elucidation of the biosynthesis and regulation pathways of GRA

its genetic engineering-assisted efficient biological synthesis shows great potential

suggesting that the possibility for developing strategies with the manipulation of multiple genes for regulated expression at different dimensions to synthesize GRA more efficiently compared to the current mainstream strategy through manipulating single genes. This review focuses on the genetic engineering-assisted efficient biosynthesis of GRA in Brassicaceae crops

systematically outlining potential genes for engineering at each stage of GRA synthesis and highlights chassis crop species from the perspective of enrichment organs

aiming to providing ideas and strategies for the future regulation of GRA biosynthesis in plants through transgenic technology and molecular breeding for large-scale sustainable production of GRA.

关键词

Keywords

references

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