Advances in the development of human embryo models

HU Bowen; TAN Jiaping; LIU Xiaodong

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-010

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Advances in the development of human embryo models

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-03-19

- Advances in the development of human embryo models
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 5, Issue 4, Pages: 719-733(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西湖大学生命科学学院，西湖生命科学与生物医学实验室，浙江杭州 310024
  2.浙江西湖高等研究院，浙江杭州 310024
  3.西湖大学未来产业研究中心，浙江杭州 310024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-010
  CLC： Q132
- Received：19 January 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-04-16，
  
  Published：31 August 2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
胡博文，陈家斌，刘晓东. 人类早期胚胎发育体外模型研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（4）： 719-733

HU Bowen， TAN Jiaping， LIU Xiaodong. Advances in the development of human embryo models［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（4）： 719-733
胡博文，陈家斌，刘晓东. 人类早期胚胎发育体外模型研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（4）： 719-733 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-010.

HU Bowen， TAN Jiaping， LIU Xiaodong. Advances in the development of human embryo models［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（4）： 719-733 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-010.

摘要

人类早期胚胎发育阶段对于胎儿的健康出生至关重要。然而，由于伦理和技术的限制，人类早期胚胎发育的具体调控机制仍未完全解密。除了人类胚胎体外培养技术以外，以干细胞为基础模拟人类真实胚胎结构的体外模型被构建出来，被称为“类胚胎/胚胎模型”。通常人类胚胎模型可大致分为两类：非整合型和整合型胚胎模型。整合型胚胎模型通常包含胚内和胚外细胞类型并具有发育成完整胎儿的潜力，而非整合型胚胎模型则不包含任何相关的胚外组织。本文系统总结了人类体外非整合型和整合型胚胎模型的最新研究进展，探讨了有关国际干细胞研究的伦理政策，并简要阐述了人类胚胎模型潜在的应用前景和未来机遇。以期为研究人类早期胚胎发育过程中不同细胞谱系的特化轨迹，以及早期胚胎发育缺陷等重大疾病的临床药物筛选和再生医学提供新的研究思路。

Abstract

Human early embryonic development is critical for a healthy fetus birth. However

the specific molecular regulatory mechanisms of lineage development

cell fate decisions and embryonic patterning are still shrouded in mystery. Our knowledge about early human embryogenesis has been greatly improved with the recent progress in

in vitro

culture conditions for human blastocysts and the advancements in omics technology. However

ethical and technological challenges continue to pose obstacles in these studies. With the rapid development of human pluripotent stem cells

they can be coaxed to form embryo-like structures that mimic early human embryonic development

in vitro

termed “embryo models”. Interest in human embryonic development has been reinvi

gorated with the continuing advances in this area. Human embryo models can be divided into two categories "non-integrated embryo models" and “integrated embryo models” according to the different cellular components they possessed. Integrated embryo models represent the embryo-like structures containing both embryonic and extra-embryonic cell types

including blastoids

human extra-embryoids (hEEs)

E-assembloids

stem-cell-derived synthetic whole embryo models (SEMs)

peri-gastruloids

bilaminiods and heX-embryoids. While non-integrated embryo models sometimes lack the extra-embryonic tissues

including embryoid bodies (EBs)

gastruloids

micro-patterned colonies

post-implantation amniotic sac embryoids (PASE). Besides

non-human primate cynomolgus monkey models have greatly expanded our knowledge towards human developmental biology. In this review

we summarized recent human stem cell-based non-integrated and integrated embryo models

and pointed out the technical challenges remained with proposed future directions. These findings lay an important foundation for understanding early human embryonic development

promoting research into human stem cells and their application

as well as preventing and treating early pregnancy loss or congenital diseases. On the other hand

embryo-like structures derived from human stem cell-based integrated embryo models

although do not fully

almost recapitulate the key events and structural organization of the

in vivo

counterparts

thus eliciting a serious compact on traditional ethical and practical concerns. In the future

non-integrated human embryo models and non-human primate models

which pose fewer ethical challenges

may provide a straightforward way to study the human early embryonic development.

关键词

Keywords

references

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