Recent research progress in non-canonical biosynthesis of terpenoids

CHENG Xiaolei; LIU Tiangang; TAO Hui

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-006

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Recent research progress in non-canonical biosynthesis of terpenoids

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-03-19

- Recent research progress in non-canonical biosynthesis of terpenoids
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 5, Issue 5, Pages: 1050-1071(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  武汉大学药学院，组合生物合成与新药发现教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430071
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-006
  CLC： Q819
- Received：10 January 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-04-09，
  
  Published：31 October 2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
程晓雷，刘天罡，陶慧. 萜类化合物的非常规生物合成研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（5）： 1050-1071

CHENG Xiaolei， LIU Tiangang， TAO Hui. Recent research progress in non-canonical biosynthesis of terpenoids［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（5）： 1050-1071
程晓雷，刘天罡，陶慧. 萜类化合物的非常规生物合成研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2024， 5（5）： 1050-1071 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-006.

CHENG Xiaolei， LIU Tiangang， TAO Hui. Recent research progress in non-canonical biosynthesis of terpenoids［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2024， 5（5）： 1050-1071 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-006.

摘要

萜类化合物是自然界中广泛存在的一类具有重要生理功能和显著生物活性的天然产物，在食品、医疗及日化行业有着广泛的应用。在萜类化合物的生物合成途径中，萜类合酶往往决定了萜类碳骨架的种类和结构新颖性，细胞色素P450酶等后修饰酶则可对碳骨架进行多种修饰，最终形成结构和功能都具有丰富多样性的萜类化合物。近年来，随着基因测序技术与合成生物学的发展，大量植物和微生物来源的萜类生物合成酶被表征，令人兴奋的是，其中包含一些与经典萜类合酶不同的非常规萜类合酶，它们亦可催化生成独特的环化萜类骨架。与此同时，利用组合生物合成等策略，人们创造了许多新颖的非天然萜类化合物，进一步丰富了萜类资源库。本文综述了近5年在非常规萜类环化酶与组合生物合成途径等方面取得的最新研究进展，以期为未来新型萜类化合物的发现和生物合成提供启示。本文首先综述了新发现的具有萜类环化功能的新酶，包含Ⅰ型萜类合酶新亚族、非角鲨烯来源三萜合酶、UbiA型萜类环化酶、细胞色素P450氧化酶、甲基转移酶、钒依赖卤素过氧化物酶、卤代酸脱卤酶等，同时还对其序列、功能和可能的环化机制进行了介绍，有助于理解自然界中萜类生物合成酶的进化起源和发现新颖萜类化合物。然后，本文介绍了非常规萜类衍生物的组合生物合成，通过将萜类合酶与甲基转移酶、天然或人工细胞色素P450氧化酶进行组合，产生了一系列包含非常规C

、C

骨架以及具有不同氧化形式的非天然萜类化合物，可为往后萜类化合物的结构创新研究带来启发。这些新颖酶元件的挖掘与新型组合生物合成途径的构建，将进一步拓宽萜类化合物的结构多样性和化学空间，有望为临床萜类药物研发提供更多的潜在小分子。

Abstract

Terpenoids are a class of natural products with important physiological functions and significant biological activities that are widely found in nature and have a wide range of applications in the food

medical

and daily chemical industries. In the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids

terpene synthases often determine the type and novelty of the terpene carbon skeleton

and tailoring enzymes

such as cytochrome P450 enzymes

can carry out a variety of post-modifications

ultimately resulting in terpenoids with a rich diversity of structures and functions. In recent years

with the development of genome-sequencing technology a

nd synthetic biology

a large number of terpene biosynthetic enzymes of plant and microbial origin have been characterized

which

excitingly

include non-canonical terpene synthases that can also catalyze the generation of unique cyclized skeletons. Meanwhile

the use of combinatorial biosynthetic strategies has led to the creation of many novel and unnatural terpenoids

further enriching the kingdom of terpenoids. Here

we review the recent advances in non-canonical terpene cyclases and combinatorial biosynthetic pathways over the past five years

with a view to shedding light on the discovery and biosynthesis of novel terpenes in the future. Firstly

the newly discovered novel enzymes with terpene cyclization functions are reviewed

containing a new subclass of type Ⅰ terpene synthases

non-squalene triterpene synthases

UbiA-type terpene cyclases

cytochrome P450 oxygenases

methyltransferases

vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases

and haloacid dehalogenase

along with their sequences

functions

and possible cyclization mechanisms

which can contribute to our understanding of terpenoid biosynthetic enzymes and the discovery of novel terpenoids. This review then describes the combinatorial biosynthesis of non-canonical terpenoids. By combining terpene synthases with methyltransferases or natural/artificial cytochrome P450 oxygenases

a series of unnatural terpenoids containing non-canonical C

and C

backbones

or with unusual structural modifications

were produced. This could inspire the structural innovation studies of terpenoids in the future. The discovery of novel enzymes and the construction of novel combinatorial biosynthetic pathways will further broaden the structural diversity and chemical space of terpenoids

which is expected to provide more potential novel terpenoids for clinical drug development.

关键词

Keywords

references

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Synthetic biology drives the sustainable production of terpenoid fragrances and flavors

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