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1.北京大学定量生物学中心,北京大学-清华大学生命科学联合中心,北京大学前沿学科交叉研究院,北京大学,北京 100871
2.中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,细胞与基因线路设计中心,广东 深圳 518000
Received:02 January 2023,
Revised:2023-02-09,
Published:30 June 2023
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孙智, 杨宁, 娄春波, 汤超, 杨晓静. 功能拓扑的理性设计及其在合成生物学中的应用[J]. 合成生物学, 2023, 4(3): 444-463
SUN Zhi, YANG Ning, LOU Chunbo, TANG Chao, YANG Xiaojing. Rational design for functional topology and its applications in synthetic biology[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2023, 4(3): 444-463
孙智, 杨宁, 娄春波, 汤超, 杨晓静. 功能拓扑的理性设计及其在合成生物学中的应用[J]. 合成生物学, 2023, 4(3): 444-463 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-003.
SUN Zhi, YANG Ning, LOU Chunbo, TANG Chao, YANG Xiaojing. Rational design for functional topology and its applications in synthetic biology[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2023, 4(3): 444-463 DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-003.
生物网络以超乎寻常的精度、可靠性和鲁棒性执行着各种各样复杂的功能。网络的拓扑结构、动力学性质与功能之间密切相关。如何定量刻画这种关系,找到复杂多样的生物网络的底层设计规律是系统生物学和合成生物学的巨大挑战。本文对功能拓扑的理性设计及其在合成生物学中的应用进行了综述。生物网络在统计性质上不同于随机网络,其结构呈现出模块化的趋势,本文首先总结了自然生物系统中出现的高频模块及其功能,回顾了最近系统生物学对于功能拓扑设计原理的探索,包括目前搜索功能拓扑的两种常用计算方法,同时对理论获得的典型功能拓扑进行了总结。继而总结了近年来实际合成生物学系统中功能拓扑的设计和构建,以基于转录调控的基因回路为主,按照其内部调控节点的数目,系统地介绍了不同拓扑结构被用来实现的具体功能及其典型实例。最后,介绍了近期自动化设计集成基因线路的发展、非转录多层次调控机制以及网络鲁棒性的设计原理,并简单探讨了对于复杂功能拓扑设计的机遇和挑战。
Biological networks are capable of performing complex functions with accuracy
reliability
and robustness. In topology
the dynamic property and function of a network are closely related. How to depict this relationship quantitatively and discover design principles for complex and diverse biological networks are great challenges. In this review
we comment progress in this regard and its applications in synthetic biology. Biological networks are different statistically from random ones
which show a characteristic of modularization. There are recurrent network motifs linked to particular functions
such as temporally programed expression
reliable cell decisions
and robust biological oscillations
suggesting that despite the apparent complexity of cellular networks
there may only be a limited number of topological networks for executing particular biological functions robustly. Indeed
by enumerating all possible topological networks with two or three nodes
systems biology studies have shown that only a handful of topological network
s can perform a given function. Here
we first summarize the high-frequency modules and their functions in natural biological systems
review progress in systems biology to find design principles for functional topology
including two current methods (
i
.
e
.
enumeration and optimization) to search functional topology computationally
and highlight the typical functional topological networks that have been developed theoretically so far. Then
we focus on the functional topology that has been constructed and used in synthetic biology
such as genetic circuits developed based on transcriptional regulation. Organized by the number of nodes
we show typical examples and applications of different functional topological networks
including single-node positive/negative feedback loops
two-node positive/negative feedback loops
multi-node negative feedback/feedforward loops
and the combinational logic gates etc. Finally
we address frontiers in functional topology
including automated design of integrated gene circuits
other regulatory mechanisms beyond transcription
design of network robustness. We end by briefly discussing opportunities and challenges for designing complex functional topological networks.
2
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