Advances in optogenetics for biomedical research

YU Yuanhuan; ZHOU Yang; WANG Xinyi; KONG Deqiang; YE Haifeng

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2022-030

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Advances in optogenetics for biomedical research

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- Advances in optogenetics for biomedical research
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 4, Issue 1, Pages: 102-140(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  华东师范大学生命科学学院，上海市调控生物学重点实验室，华东师范大学医学合成生物学研究中心，上海　200241
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-030
  CLC： Q-3
- Received：26 May 2022，
  
  Revised：2022-09-05，
  
  Published：28 February 2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
于袁欢，周阳，王欣怡，孔德强，叶海峰. 光遗传学照进生物医学研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2023， 4（1）： 102-140

YU Yuanhuan， ZHOU Yang， WANG Xinyi， KONG Deqiang， YE Haifeng. Advances in optogenetics for biomedical research［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2023， 4（1）： 102-140
于袁欢，周阳，王欣怡，孔德强，叶海峰. 光遗传学照进生物医学研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2023， 4（1）： 102-140 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-030.

YU Yuanhuan， ZHOU Yang， WANG Xinyi， KONG Deqiang， YE Haifeng. Advances in optogenetics for biomedical research［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2023， 4（1）： 102-140 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-030.

摘要

近年来，光遗传学技术因具有非侵入性、可逆性、时空特异性等优点被广泛应用于生物医学研究领域，为疾病治疗提供了新思路和新理念。光作为一种理想的基因表达诱导物，以前所未有的时空精度操控基因表达和细胞行为。随着光遗传学技术的深入研究，基于光遗传学的个性化精准治疗和临床转化成为可能。本文主要介绍了响应不同波长的光遗传学工具及其用于神经系统疾病、肿瘤、心血管疾病、糖尿病、肠道疾病等精准治疗和用于控制基因转录表达、基因编辑、基因重组以及细胞器运动等应用。同时也介绍了光遗传学技术与智能电子设备的有机结合及其在便携式生物电子药物、人工智能诊疗方面的最新研究进展。光遗传学的迅速发展极大地拓展了传统生物电子医学领域。光控系统的远程可控性、可逆性和无毒性为光遗传学在生物医学中的应用提供了坚实的基础。这些方法的成功将对未来实践中的精准医疗产生持久的影响。最后探讨了光遗传学工具存在的问题和在未来临床应用面临的挑战，并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。

Abstract

Synthetic biology enables rational design of regulatory molecules and circuits to reprogram cellular behaviors

and its applications to human cells could lead to powerful gene- and cell-based therapies

which are well recognized as central pillars of next-generation medicines. However

the safety of these therapies remains to be assessed

and controllability is a critical issue affecting their safety and limiting their clinical applications. In recent years

optogenetic technologies have been widely used in biomedical applications

which provides new insights for treating intractable diseases due to their distinguishing features of non-invasiveness

reversibility

and spatiotemporal resolution. Light is an ideal inducer to control gene expression

enabling precise and spatiotemporal manipulation of gene expression and cell behaviors by illuminating with light of appropriate intensity and wavelength as a triggering signal to achieve pinpoint spatiotemporal control of cellular activities. With the development of optogenetic toolkits

optogenetics has recently been developed for therapeutic applications. In this review

we summarize various optogenetic tools responsive to different wavelengths and their applications for precise treatment of neurological diseases

tumors

cardiovascular diseases

diabetes

enteric diseases as well as for the optogenetic control of gene transcription

gene editing

gene recombination and organelle movement. At the same time

we introduce recent research progress in portable bioelectronic medicine and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and treatment systems

which are based on optogenetic techniques and the intelligent electronic devices. The rapid development of optogenetics has enormously extended the scope of traditional bioelectronic medicine

and the remote-controllability

reversibility

and negligible toxicity of optical control systems provide a solid foundation for the application of optogenetics in biomedicine. The success of these approaches would have an impact on precision medicine in the future practice. Finally

we also discuss the shortcomings of existing optogenetic tools and the challenges that would be faced in the future clinical applications as well as the prospects of their development.

关键词

Keywords

references

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