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From CO2 to value-added products—carbon neutral microalgal green biomanufacturing
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 3, Issue 5, Pages: 953-965(2022)
- 作者机构：
河南大学省部共建作物逆境适应与改良国家重点实验室，河南 开封 475004
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2022-023
CLC： Q816Received：15 April 2022，
Revised：2022-08-17，
Published：31 October 2022
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
孙中亮， 陈辉， 王强. 从CO2到有机物——碳中和的微藻绿色生物制造［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 953-965
SUN Zhongliang， CHEN Hui， WANG Qiang. From CO2 to value-added products—carbon neutral microalgal green biomanufacturing［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 953-965
孙中亮， 陈辉， 王强. 从CO2到有机物——碳中和的微藻绿色生物制造［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（5）： 953-965 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-023.
SUN Zhongliang， CHEN Hui， WANG Qiang. From CO2 to value-added products—carbon neutral microalgal green biomanufacturing［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（5）： 953-965 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-023.
摘要
微藻可以利用太阳能固定CO
2
并转化为有机物，其作为合成生物物质的细胞工厂具有众多生物学和工程学优点。当前，全球正面临着碳减排和资源短缺的双重压力，通过微藻固碳合成化合物技术的攻关和突破，实现直接利用微藻固定CO
2
，有望建立以CO
2
为原料、以太阳能为能源，规模化生产大宗食物、能源、化学品和医药保健品的未来新兴绿色生物制造产业，对于解决当前面临的粮食安全、环境污染和能源紧缺等问题具有战略意义。本文从光驱自养的角度，首先总结了微藻作为细胞工厂生产平台化合物、生物能源和高附加值化合物的途径、底盘改造策略等最新进展，进而对该技术的未来发展方向进行展望。最后，提出了微藻作为合成生物学高效底盘细胞，其广泛应用还应该从建立标准化的藻类基因与基因组编辑技术体系、深刻理解合成物质在藻细胞中的代谢流和控制机制以及提高生物量产率和光合作用效率等几个环节进行攻关，以加强微藻绿色生物制造产业的可控性和可复制性。
Abstract
Currently
our world is facing the dual pressure of carbon emission reduction and resource shortage. China has also put forward a goal of reaching CO
2
emission peak by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. At present
the production and manufacture of fuels and bulk chemical products mainly rely on petrochemical refining
which is facing the challenges of high risk of production safety
great pressure of environmental protection
and contradiction between supply and demand of oil and gas resources. In this context
the use of microalgae for direct CO
2
fixation is expected to establish large-scale biomanufacturing with CO
2
as raw material and sunlight as energy source
this is a new manufacturing mode that breaks away from the route of petrochemical industry
and has the typical characteristics of low carbon
recyclable
green
and clean. This emerging green industry is of strategic significance for solving the current issues of food security and energy shortages
through sustainable production of food
energy
chemicals
and pharmaceuticals. In addition
microalgae possess great potential in environment protection
thanks to their strong stress resistance
effective remediation of eutrophic elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater
and simultaneous removal of SO
x
and NO
x
during CO
2
utilization in flue gas. Therefore
compared with heterotrophic chassis cells
microalgae-based synthetic biology and bio-manufacturing also play a role in carbon sequestration and emission reduction
and microalgae have then attracted much att
ention in recent years as “green cell factories”. From the perspective of light-driven autotrophy
we summarize the latest progress of microalgae as a cell factory
introduce chassis transformation strategies
and then look into the future development of this technology. In particular
improved genetic manipulation and larger cultivation scales are critical for microalgae to serve as high efficiency chassis for synthetic biology
whereas promising directions include establishment of standardized systems for algal genome editing
deep understanding of metabolic flux and control for robust biosynthesis
as well as improvement of biomass productivity and photosynthesis efficiency. All in all
this review provides a useful reference to establish controllable and replicable processes for microalgae green biomanufacturing.
2
关键词
Keywords
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