Synthetic biology boosts biological depolymerization and upgrading of waste plastics

QIAN Xiujuan; LIU Jiawei; XUE Rui; LIU Haojie; WEN Xiaohong; YANG Lu; XU Anming; XU Bin; XIN Fengxue; ZHOU Jie; DONG Weiliang; JIANG Min

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-087

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Synthetic biology boosts biological depolymerization and upgrading of waste plastics

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- Synthetic biology boosts biological depolymerization and upgrading of waste plastics
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages: 161-180(2021)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院，江苏南京 211816
  2.南京工业大学材料化学工程国家重点实验室，江苏南京 211816
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2020-087
  CLC： Q812
- Received：04 December 2020，
  
  Revised：2021-02-11，
  
  Published：30 April 2021
- 稿件说明：
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钱秀娟, 刘嘉唯, 薛瑞, 刘豪杰, 闻小红, 杨璐, 徐安明, 许斌, 信丰学, 周杰, 董维亮, 姜岷. 合成生物学助力废弃塑料资源生物解聚与升级再造[J]. 合成生物学, 2021, 2(2): 161-180

QIAN Xiujuan, LIU Jiawei, XUE Rui, LIU Haojie, WEN Xiaohong, YANG Lu, XU Anming, XU Bin, XIN Fengxue, ZHOU Jie, DONG Weiliang, JIANG Min. Synthetic biology boosts biological depolymerization and upgrading of waste plastics[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2021, 2(2): 161-180
钱秀娟, 刘嘉唯, 薛瑞, 刘豪杰, 闻小红, 杨璐, 徐安明, 许斌, 信丰学, 周杰, 董维亮, 姜岷. 合成生物学助力废弃塑料资源生物解聚与升级再造[J]. 合成生物学, 2021, 2(2): 161-180 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-087.

QIAN Xiujuan, LIU Jiawei, XUE Rui, LIU Haojie, WEN Xiaohong, YANG Lu, XU Anming, XU Bin, XIN Fengxue, ZHOU Jie, DONG Weiliang, JIANG Min. Synthetic biology boosts biological depolymerization and upgrading of waste plastics[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2021, 2(2): 161-180 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-087.

摘要

石油基合成塑料因高分子量、高疏水性及高化学键能等特性难以被生物降解，在环境中不断累积，由此导致的“白色污染”已经成为一个全球性环境问题。填埋和焚烧是目前塑料垃圾处置最简单、常用的方法，但随之带来的是更为严重的环境二次污染问题。为解决这一问题，开发绿色高效的废塑料资源回收利用技术，从源头解决塑料污染，成为发展塑料循环经济的关键。利用微生物/酶将塑料降解为寡聚体或单体，或进一步转化为高值化学品，因反应条件温和、不产生二次污染等优点将成为废塑料污染治理与资源化的新途径。本文详细介绍了废塑料生物解聚与转化方面的最新研究进展，包括塑料降解微生物和酶的挖掘、混菌/多酶体系的设计与构建、塑料解聚机制，以及塑料解聚物到化学品、能源、材料等高附加值产品的转化。然而，废塑料生物降解过程中仍存在降解元件匮乏、降解效率低、降解物难以利用等技术瓶颈。随着合成生物学的快速发展，利用高通量筛选、进化代谢、生物信息学等先进的生物技术，解析降解关键酶的催化机制、定向设计与改造降解酶、研究混菌体系中菌株间互利共生关系与适配机制、设计并构建不同塑料降解物的代谢通路成为废塑料生物降解研究的重点方向。通过建立废塑料生物降解与高值化利用平台，可为巨量的废塑料资源循环利用提供新的理论基础和关键技术，为我国塑料循环经济发展提供经济、环保、可行的技术支撑。

Abstract

Characterics of high molecular weight

high hydrophobicity and high chemical bond energy make petroleum-based synthetic plastics resist to abiotic and microbial degradation. "White pollution" caused by accumulated waste plastics in the environment has become a global challenge. Currently

landfill and incineration are the simplest and most commonly used methods for eliminating plastic wastes

given that only 20% of plastic wastes is recycled

but landfill and incineration cause more serious secondary hazards

such as pollution to groundwater

soil

air and ocean. Therefore

developing a green and efficient technology for recycling and reutilization plastic wastes is the key for solving plastic pollution

to boost a plastic recycling economy.Applications of microorganisms/enzymes to degrade plastics into oligomers or monomers

which can be further transformed into high-value added chemicals

have provided a new approach for such a purpose due to their mild and environmentally friendly proceses. This article comprehensively reviews the development of biodepolymerization and biotransformation for waste plastics

including mining plastic degrading microorganisms and enzymes

designing and constructing microbial consortia/enzyme cocktails

analyzing of plastics depolymerization mechanism

and transforming plastics degradants into high value-added products

such as chemicals

energy products

and materials. However

the lack of degradation enzyme components

low degradation efficiency and difficulty for utilizing the degradants limit the development of waste plastics biogradation. With advances in synthetic biology

emerging technologies

such as high-throughput screening

evolutionary metabolism

and bioinformatics to analyze the catalytic mechanism of key degradation enzymes

orientedly designing and modification of degradation enzymes

study of the mutualism relationship and mechanism in the microbial consortia

constructing metabolic pathways for different plastic degradants

will open windows for waste plastics biodegradation

providing environmentally friendly， economically competitive and technically feasible technologies to develop circular economy for the re-utilization of waste plastics in China.

关键词

Keywords

references

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