Biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins in microbial cell factories

REN Shichao; SUN Qiuyan; FENG Xudong; LI Chun

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-082

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Biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins in microbial cell factories

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- Biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins in microbial cell factories
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 3, Issue 1, Pages: 168-183(2022)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京理工大学化学与化工学院化学工程系，生物化工研究所，医药分子科学与制剂工程工业和信息化部重点实验室，北京 100081
  2.清华大学化学工程系，工业生物催化教育部重点实验室，北京 100084
  3.清华大学，合成与系统生物学研究中心，北京 100084
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2020-082
  CLC： Q81
- Received：29 March 2021，
  
  Revised：2021-06-06，
  
  Published：28 February 2022
- 稿件说明：
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任师超，孙秋艳，冯旭东，李春. 微生物细胞工厂合成五环三萜皂苷类化合物［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（1）： 168-183

REN Shichao， SUN Qiuyan， FENG Xudong， LI Chun. Biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins in microbial cell factories［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（1）： 168-183
任师超，孙秋艳，冯旭东，李春. 微生物细胞工厂合成五环三萜皂苷类化合物［J］. 合成生物学， 2022， 3（1）： 168-183 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-082.

REN Shichao， SUN Qiuyan， FENG Xudong， LI Chun. Biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins in microbial cell factories［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2022， 3（1）： 168-183 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-082.

摘要

五环三萜皂苷类化合物具有丰富的药理、生理活性，广泛应用于医药、功能食品、保健品、化妆品等领域。目前五环三萜皂苷类化合物的主要获取方式是植物提取，随着合成生物学的发展，利用微生物细胞工厂合成植物天然产物逐渐成为研究热点，它具有生产周期短、工艺简单、环境友好、条件温和等优势，是未来的发展方向。本文结合五环三萜皂苷类化合物的来源及其天然合成途径，综述了典型五环三萜皂苷类化合物的分类、功能活性、结构特点及目前利用微生物细胞工厂合成五环三萜皂苷类化合物的研究现状；分析了部分五环三萜皂苷类化合物合成途径当中的未解析的关键修饰位点及关键酶，并结合已报道的体内、体外研究，对部分未知途径当中催化母核形成苷元的P450酶以及对苷元进行糖基化修饰的糖基转移酶进行了合理预测；结合当前研究现状分析、总结、归纳了利用微生物细胞工厂合成五环三萜皂苷类化合物存在的主要瓶颈，讨论了现阶段工业化生产现状及利用生物合成进行工业化生产所面临的挑战，为高效合成五环三萜皂苷类天然产物的微生物细胞工厂构建提供了理论支持和新思路。

Abstract

Pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins are important plant natural products

which have five rings composed of six isoprene units. They are widely used in medicine

functional food

health care products

cosmetics and other fields due to their pharmacological and physiological activities. At present

pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins are derived mainly from direct extraction from plants

which has many disadvantage

s such as the long growth period of plants

competition for farmland

impact on ecological environment and low extraction yield. It is also difficult to obtain pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins through chemical synthesis because of the complexity of their structures

and in the meantime the process using organic reagents and performed under harsh reaction conditions is not environmentally friendly. In recent years

with the development of synthetic biology

A variety of microbial cell factories have been constructed to synthesize plant natural products

which present advantages over their chemical synthesis. In this article

the classification

functional activities

structural characteristics of typical pentacyclic triterpenoids and the progress of their synthesis through microbial cell factories are reviewed based on their plant sources and natural synthesis pathway. The unknown enzymes catalyzing synthesis of the key sites of sapogenins in the pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins synthesis pathway are analyzed. Combined with the reported

in vivo

and

in vitro

studies

P450 enzymes and glycosyltransferases that are responsible for the formation of sapogenins and saponins

respectively

in some unidentified pathways are predicted. Based on current research

main bottlenecks for pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins synthesis in microbial cell factories are highlighted

and the situation of industrial production and challenges are discussed

which provide theoretical support and new ideas for constructing microbial cell factories to synthesize pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins more efficiently.

关键词

Keywords

references

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