Self-assembly, biosynthesis, functionalization and applications of virus-based nanomaterials

ZHANG Wenjing; LI Ming; ZHOU Wei; ZHANG Xian-en; LI Feng

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-031

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Self-assembly, biosynthesis, functionalization and applications of virus-based nanomaterials

Invited Review | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- Self-assembly, biosynthesis, functionalization and applications of virus-based nanomaterials
- Synthetic Biology Journal Vol. 1, Issue 3, Pages: 298-318(2020)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院武汉病毒研究所，生物安全大科学研究中心，病毒学国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430071
  2.中国科学院生物物理研究所，生物大分子科教融合卓越中心，生物大分子国家重点实验室，北京 100101
  3.中国科学院大学，北京　100049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2020-031
  CLC： Q816
- Received：21 March 2020，
  
  Revised：2020-05-07，
  
  Published：30 June 2020
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张文静, 李明, 周维, 张先恩, 李峰. 基于病毒组件的纳米材料的自组装合成、功能化及应用[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(3): 298-318

ZHANG Wenjing, LI Ming, ZHOU Wei, ZHANG Xian-en, LI Feng. Self-assembly, biosynthesis, functionalization and applications of virus-based nanomaterials[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(3): 298-318
张文静, 李明, 周维, 张先恩, 李峰. 基于病毒组件的纳米材料的自组装合成、功能化及应用[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(3): 298-318 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-031.

ZHANG Wenjing, LI Ming, ZHOU Wei, ZHANG Xian-en, LI Feng. Self-assembly, biosynthesis, functionalization and applications of virus-based nanomaterials[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(3): 298-318 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-031.

摘要

病毒在传统意义上是感染性病原体。同时，病毒也是蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子的有序组装体，处于典型的几十到几百纳米尺寸范围，近年来在材料学等交叉学科领域引起广泛兴趣。从材料学的角度，病毒衣壳具有形状大小均一、结构可寻址、易于修饰改造、易于生物合成、生物相容性好等诸多优点。本文介绍了基于病毒组件的纳米材料的结构特性，基因工程、化学修饰、生物矿化和自组装等生物合成及功能化策略，以及在生物医学成像、生物传感、核酸及药物递送、疫苗与免疫调节剂、组织工程、纳米反应器、微电子元件、纳米光子学等不同领域的应用。当前基于病毒组件的纳米材料研究在病毒纳米颗粒的理性设计、（多级）组装的精准控制、免疫原性调控、活体高效靶向递送、稳定性等方面还有诸多难题亟待突破。强化学科深度交叉、攻克这些难题、推动实际应用与转化则代表了病毒纳米材料领域的发展方向。

Abstract

Viruses are conventionally known as infectious pathogens. Meanwhile

they are ordered assemblies of biomacromolecules with proteins and nucleic acids as major components

and typically at nanoscale dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of

nanometers. Recently

viruses have received extensive interest in multidisciplinary studies

especially in the field of materials. From the viewpoint of materials science

viral capsids have several beneficial characteristics such as uniform shape and size

structural addressability

convenient modification

fast production through biosynthesis

and good biocompatibility. These features make virus-based materials particularly useful in many scenarios. In this review

firstly we introduce the structural characteristics of viruses and virus-based nanomaterials. Secondly

we describe the strategies for self-assembly

biosynthesis and functionalization of virus-based nanomaterials

including genetic engineering

chemical modifications

biomineralization and self-assembly. Thirdly

we discuss the applications of virus-based nanomaterials in diverse fields such as biomedical imaging

biosensing

tissue engineering

nanoreactors

microelectronics

nanophotonics

and deliveries of genes

drugs

vaccines and immunomodulators. Virus-based nanomaterials are particularly suitable for carrying immunomodulators and vaccines because of their surface pathogen-related molecular patterns. However

the immune response and clearance of virus-based nanomaterials are disadvantageous for

in vivo

imaging and drug delivery. The development of "immune stealth" modification strategies has shielded the immunogenicity of virus-based nanomaterials to some extent

which is conducive to improving the targeted delivery efficiency of virus-based nanomaterials. Imaging-aided exploration of

in vivo

behaviors with virus-based nanomaterials would be helpful for the design and re-design of this kind of materials to meet the requirement of clinical applications

which depends on the development of new imaging probes and methods. In addition

the applications of virus-based nanomaterials in the fields of tissue engineering

microelectronics

nanoreactors

and nanophotonics have specific requirements for structure stabil

ity and dynamic control of virus-based nanomaterials. The design

manipulation

and functionalization of virus-based nanomaterials would benefit deeper understanding of the structure and assembly of viruses

development of rational design techniques for self-assembling protein materials and high-throughput synthetic biology methods

paving the way for the practical applications of virus-based nanomaterials.

关键词

Keywords

references

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