农业合成生物学驱动动物营养创新：进展与展望

李一塍; 罗会颖; 姚斌; 涂涛

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-082

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农业合成生物学驱动动物营养创新：进展与展望

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-11-12

- 农业合成生物学驱动动物营养创新：进展与展望
- Agricultural synthetic biology driving innovation in animal nutrition: advances and prospects
- 合成生物学 2025年6卷第5期页码：1145-1166
- 作者机构：
  
  中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室，北京 100193
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李一塍（1999—），男，博士研究生。研究方向为动物营养与饲料。E-mail：li_yi_c@163.com" ]
  [ "涂涛（1988—），男，研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为饲料用酶工程，在饲用酶解决养殖业供需平衡、缓解养殖环境污染、保障动物产品安全等方面取得了一系列原创性成果。E-mail：tutao@caas.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(L2324219)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-082
  中图分类号： Q81
- 收稿：2025-08-01，
  
  修回：2025-08-29，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李一塍，罗会颖，姚斌，涂涛. 农业合成生物学驱动动物营养创新：进展与展望［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1145-1166

LI Yicheng， LUO Huiying， YAO Bin， TU Tao. Agricultural synthetic biology driving innovation in animal nutrition： advances and prospects［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1145-1166
李一塍，罗会颖，姚斌，涂涛. 农业合成生物学驱动动物营养创新：进展与展望［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1145-1166 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-082.

LI Yicheng， LUO Huiying， YAO Bin， TU Tao. Agricultural synthetic biology driving innovation in animal nutrition： advances and prospects［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1145-1166 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-082.

摘要

动物营养是保障畜牧业可持续发展的关键环节，动物营养过程的效率直接关系到资源利用效率、环境承载能力与粮食安全。随着农业合成生物技术的快速发展，研究者正积极应用工程化策略革新动物营养利用体系，主要涵盖饲料原料开发、饲料添加剂合成及胃肠道高效营养转化等方向。本文系统综述了该领域的最新进展，重点聚焦于基因编辑作物、微生物蛋白、饲料添加剂、胃肠道工程微生物等方向的关键使能技术与工程化策略，阐释了农业合成生物学在提升饲料利用效率、保障动物健康及促进畜牧业绿色转型中的巨大潜力。探讨了当前农业合成生物学在动物营养领域所面临的挑战与未来发展趋势，包括多基因系统设计与AI设计驱动生物育种进入4.0时代，动态调控系统开发与机器学习强化细胞工厂全局调控，多维度设计与学科交叉用于解析与调控动物消化系统。强调了其理念与技术对于突破现有技术瓶颈的关键作用。未来，农业合成生物学将通过深度融合多组学、机器学习与自动化平台技术，突破基因编辑与菌群调控难题，驱动动物营养创新发展。

Abstract

Animal nutrition is the cornerstone of sustainable animal husbandry development

with its overall efficiency directly influencing resource utilization

environmental carrying capacity

and global food security. Recent rapid advances in agricultural synthetic biology have enabled researchers to engineer animal nutrient utilization systems through innovative strategies. These primarily encompass feed ingredient optimization

the production of synthetic feed additive and the enhancement of gastrointestinal nutrient conversion efficiency. This review systematically examines recent progress in this field

focusing on the application of agricultural synthetic biology strategies for advancing animal nutrition. In the realm of feed ingredient quality improvement

gene editing technologies have significantly enhanced the nutritional value of key crops. For example

the specific knockout of the

GhPGF

gene in cotton has resulted in cottonseed detoxification

while targeted modifications to the sorghum

kafirin

gene family has enhanced protein digestibility and quality. To decrease reliance on soybean meal

various strategies have been developed to utilize microbial protein resources. These include overcoming production bottlenecks in methylotrophic yeast

precisely tuning carbon metabolism pathways in

Clostridium

autoethanogenum

and developing cell wall disruption techniques for microalgae to enhance protein bioavail

ability. Synthetic biology approaches have also revolutionized the production of feed additive. Key strategies encompass metabolic pathway engineering to enhance precursor supply

cofactor optimization to boost metabolic flux

gene editing to reduce competition from alternative pathways

and protein engineering to improve the activity of rate-limiting enzymes. Furthermore

emerging tools in synthetic biology show great promise for regulating gastrointestinal function. These include biotechnology-optoelectronic integration for advanced sensing systems

novel gene editing tools for precise modulation of gut microbiota

and intelligent synthetic microbial consortia for targeted regulation of the gastrointestinal microenvironment. Agricultural synthetic biology holds immense potential for enhancing feed conversion efficiency

safeguarding animal health

and driving the green transformation of animal husbandry. This review further discusses current challenges in the field

including technological bottlenecks and scalability issues

and outlines future development trends

emphasizing the critical role of synthetic biology in shaping next-generation animal nutrition systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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