天冬氨酸族饲用氨基酸微生物细胞工厂的创制

赵欣雨; 盛琦; 刘开放; 刘佳; 刘立明

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-032

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天冬氨酸族饲用氨基酸微生物细胞工厂的创制

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-11-12

- 天冬氨酸族饲用氨基酸微生物细胞工厂的创制
- Construction of microbial cell factories for aspartate-family feed amino acids
- 合成生物学 2025年6卷第5期页码：1184-1202
- 作者机构：
  
  江南大学生物工程学院，工业生物技术教育部重点实验室，江苏无锡 214122
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵欣雨（2001—），女，硕士研究生。研究方向为微生物细胞工厂。E-mail：zxy_201710@163.com" ]
  [ "刘佳（1988—），女，高级实验师。研究方向为酶催化工程技术。E-mail：liujia@jiangnan.edu.cn" ]
  [ "刘立明（1976—），男，教授，博士生导师，教育部高层次人才。研究方向为合成生物学技术和微生物细胞工厂。E-mail：mingll@jiangnan.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（23）2005）
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2025-032
  中图分类号： Q815
- 收稿：2025-04-02，
  
  修回：2025-06-18，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵欣雨，盛琦，刘开放，刘佳，刘立明. 天冬氨酸族饲用氨基酸微生物细胞工厂的创制［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1184-1202

ZHAO Xinyu， SHENG Qi， LIU Kaifang， LIU Jia， LIU Liming. Construction of microbial cell factories for aspartate-family feed amino acids［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1184-1202
赵欣雨，盛琦，刘开放，刘佳，刘立明. 天冬氨酸族饲用氨基酸微生物细胞工厂的创制［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1184-1202 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-032.

ZHAO Xinyu， SHENG Qi， LIU Kaifang， LIU Jia， LIU Liming. Construction of microbial cell factories for aspartate-family feed amino acids［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1184-1202 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-032.

摘要

氨基酸作为动物饲料的重要组成部分，是提高畜禽消化机能、禽肉品质、蛋白转化效率以及降低豆粕使用量的关键要素。合成生物技术的快速发展为氨基酸高产菌株构建和优化铺平了道路，极大地提升了氨基酸生产效率，显著降低了生产成本。本文在分析L-赖氨酸、L-甲硫氨酸、L-苏氨酸和L-异亮氨酸等四种天冬氨酸族氨基酸合成途径的基础上，详细介绍了菌种改造方法和策略，包括代谢路径重构、代谢途径优化、辅因子供应和增强产物外排等四个方面，未来要从工业环境抗逆性、底物利用范围的拓展以及动态调控系统的优化三个方面进行突破，才能为高性能氨基酸生产菌株的创制提供理论指导和技术支撑。

Abstract

Amino acids are essential components of animal feed

playing key roles in improving digestive function in livestock

enhancing meat quality

increasing protein conversion efficiency

and reducing reliance on soybean meal. Driven by global population growth and dietary changes

the increasing demand for animal protein has strained the livestock industry. This industry traditionally relies heavily on soybean meal as its primary protein source

a method that results in low nitrogen utilization and exacerbates environmental polluti

on from nitrogen emissions. Aspartate-family amino acids

including L-lysine

L-methionine

L-threonine

and L-isoleucine

represent the most significant category of feed amino acids

accounting for nearly 90% of global consumption. They address current challenges by balancing feed nutrition according to the ideal protein standard and enabling a low-carbon transition in animal husbandry. The primary method for producing these four amino acids is through microbial fermentation

with

Escherichia coli

and

Corynebacterium glutamicum

serving as the primary host organisms. Rapid advances in systems biology

synthetic biology

metabolic engineering

and evolutionary engineering have facilitated the construction and optimization of high-yield amino acid-producing strains. This has significantly enhanced production efficiency and substantially reduced costs. Based on an analysis of the aspartate-family amino acid biosynthetic pathways

this paper details strain modification methods and strategies. These encompass four key aspects: metabolic pathway reconstruction

metabolic pathway optimization

cofactor supply enhancement

and improved product efflux. These approaches have enabled the industrial-scale production of strains achieving high titers and yields. Finally

future research directions are discussed

focusing on three fronts: enhancing strain stress resistance in industrial environments

expanding the range of utilizable substrates

and optimizing dynamic regulatory systems. These advancements are intended to offer theoretical guidance and technical support for the development of high-performance amino acid-producing strains. The ultimate objective is to facilitate the global shift towards efficient and environmentally sustainable feed amino acid production

thereby alleviating pressures on protein resources.

关键词

Keywords

references

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