小分子生物农药及其生物合成研究进展

宋开南; 张礼文; 王超; 田平芳; 李广悦; 潘国辉; 徐玉泉

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-078

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小分子生物农药及其生物合成研究进展

特约评述 | 更新时间：2025-11-12

- 小分子生物农药及其生物合成研究进展
- Advances in small-molecule biopesticides and their biosynthesis
- 合成生物学 2025年6卷第5期页码：1203-1223
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081
  2.国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院，北京 100037
  3.北京化工大学生命科学与技术学院，北京 100029
  4.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100081
  5.中国科学院微生物研究所，北京 100101
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "宋开南（1996—），男，博士研究生。研究方向为真菌次级代谢产物的挖掘与生物合成研究。E-mail：s15850653283@126.com" ]
  [ "徐玉泉（1971—），男，研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为发明新技术发现在临床和农业生产中有重要应用价值的微生物天然产物，阐明聚酮和非核糖体多肽天然产物生物合成和合成后修饰机制，利用合成生物技术合成“非天然”聚酮化合物和非核糖体多肽等。E-mail：xuyuquan@caas.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项(2023YFA0914700)
- DOI：10.12211/2096-8280.2024-078
  中图分类号： Q81
- 收稿：2024-10-30，
  
  修回：2024-12-18，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-31
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
宋开南，张礼文，王超，田平芳，李广悦，潘国辉，徐玉泉. 小分子生物农药及其生物合成研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1203-1223

SONG Kainan， ZHANG Liwen， WANG Chao， TIAN Pingfang， LI Guangyue， PAN Guohui， XU Yuquan. Advances in small-molecule biopesticides and their biosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1203-1223
宋开南，张礼文，王超，田平芳，李广悦，潘国辉，徐玉泉. 小分子生物农药及其生物合成研究进展［J］. 合成生物学， 2025， 6（5）： 1203-1223 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-078.

SONG Kainan， ZHANG Liwen， WANG Chao， TIAN Pingfang， LI Guangyue， PAN Guohui， XU Yuquan. Advances in small-molecule biopesticides and their biosynthesis［J］. Synthetic Biology Journal， 2025， 6（5）： 1203-1223 DOI： 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-078.

摘要

利用对环境和非靶标生物友好的小分子生物农药防治病虫害，是一种可持续保障农作物安全生产的管理方法。然而，小分子生物农药的研发和应用也面临一些挑战，比如种类少、产量低等。通过合成生物学和代谢工程等方法，构建高产特定生物农药的微生物细胞工厂可以克服这些瓶颈问题。本文总结了2000年以来在我国新登记的小分子生物农药及部分半合成农药的化学结构与作用对象，并对代表性生物农药的生物合成机制与细胞工厂构建，如多杀霉素、白藜芦醇等进行了综述。对这些小分子生物农药的深入理解可为解析其生物合成途径与提高产量提供理论依据，并对新型生物农药的发现和应用提供借鉴。随着合成生物学与代谢工程等学科的不断发展，可以预见未来将设计和构建出更多高效、环保小分子生物农药的细胞工厂，并将其广泛应用于生产。

Abstract

Small-molecule biopesticides

in contrast to chemically synthesized pesticides

demonstrate superior degradability in the natural environment and exert a lesser adverse impact on non-target organisms and the overall ecosystem. Consequently

the evolution of small-molecule biopesticides represents a pivotal shift for the pesticide industry towards more sustainable and environmentally benign practices

with their significance projected to escalate in the realm of agricultural production in the years ahead. Despite their potential

these pesticides are currently constrained by a limited variety and suboptimal production yields

primarily attributable to the intricate research and manufacturing processes that demand substantial time and resource investments. Moreover

the biosynthetic pathways of the majority of these small molecules remain enigmatic

posing a significant challenge to their industrial application. However

the advent of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering offers promising solutions to these impediments. This progress is not merely instrumental in deepening our understanding of the intricate synthetic mechanisms of these bioactive compounds within biological systems

but it also paves the way for augmenting their production yields. By employing microbial cell factories

these technologies enable an efficient and targeted biosynthesis of specific biopesticides

thereby overcoming the limitations associated with traditional extraction and purification methods from natural sources. Microbial cell factories not only facilitate the cost-effective and environmentally friendly large-scale production of small-molecule biopesticides but also foster the innovation of novel biopesticide varieties. This review aims to summarize the small-molecule biopesticides and some semi-synthetic pesticides derived from natural products that were registered in China from January 2000 to December 2024

including eight polyketides

twelve terpenes

four alkaloids

and five other small-molecule biopesticides. Depending on their specific uses in agricultural practices

they can be classified into insecticides

microbicide

plant growth regulators

and so on. Furthermore

this review provides a succinct overview of the representative biosynthetic pathways and the corresponding microbial cell factories that are pivotal to the production of these biopesticides. We expect that an in-depth understanding of the biosynthesis of small-molecule biopesticides will pave solid ways for further elucidation of biosynthesis pathways

yield improvement

and the discovery and application of novel biopesticides.

关键词

Keywords

references

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